0610_w14_qp_33
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2014
Paper:
3
Variant:
3
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1
shows an animal cell and a plant cell as seen with a light microscope. animal cell plant cell Table 1.1 shows some structural features of the animal cell and the plant cell in . Complete the table by • finishing the row for nucleus • adding three structural features, visible in , and indicating whether they are present (✓) or absent (✗) in the animal cell and in the plant cell. Table 1.1 structural feature animal cell plant cell cell wall ✗ ✓ nucleus The cells were kept in a dilute salt solution. They were then transferred to distilled water. Explain what will happen to each of these two cells when they are placed into distilled water. Magnesium is a plant nutrient. Scientists think that magnesium is involved in the transport of sucrose from the leaves to the rest of a plant. Name the tissue that transports sucrose in plants. The scientists grew some tomato plants with their roots in a solution that contained all the mineral nutrients that plants require. After a while, the plants were divided into two groups. • Group A continued to receive the solution containing all the nutrients. • Group B received a solution that did not contain any magnesium. After 12 days, measurements were made on the leaves and the results are shown in . A B 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 rate of movement of sucrose out of the leaves / arbitrary units A B sucrose concentration in the leaves / arbitrary units group group Describe the effect of magnesium deficiency on the transport of sucrose out of the leaves and the sucrose concentration in the leaves. transport of sucrose out of the leaves concentration of sucrose in the leaves The plants in Group B remained in the magnesium-deficient solution for longer than 12 days. At the end of this time they showed symptoms of magnesium deficiency. Describe and explain the symptoms that the plants would show.
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
2. Organisation of the organism  →  2.1. Cell structure
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2
Sickle cell anaemia is an inherited disease. The gene for haemoglobin exists in two forms, HbN and HbS. People who are HbSHbS have the disease and experience symptoms including fatigue and extreme pain in their joints. People who are HbNHbS are carriers of the disease and may have mild symptoms, if any at all. Table 2.1 shows four genetic terms. Complete Table 2.1 by stating a specific example, used in the paragraph above, of each genetic term. Table 2.1 genetic term example used in the passage an allele a heterozygous genotype a homozygous genotype phenotype Sickle cell anaemia is not found throughout the whole world. Most cases of the disease occur in sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of Asia. The distribution is similar to that for the infectious disease malaria. Explain why the distribution of sickle cell anaemia and malaria are similar. Down’s syndrome is an example of a characteristic that shows discontinuous variation. State the cause of Down’s syndrome. Explain how discontinuous variation differs from continuous variation, in its expression and cause.
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
18. Variation and selection  →  18.1. Variation
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4
Yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is a single-celled fungus. State one reason why yeast is classified as a fungus and not as a bacterium. A student investigated the anaerobic respiration of yeast to find out how the yeast population changed and how much alcohol was produced over a period of 14 hours. Complete and balance the chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast. C6H12O6 + The student set up a small fermenter containing: • 1.0 g dry yeast • 250 cm3 glucose solution • a solution containing ammonium compounds as a source of nitrogen. The fermenter is shown in . air lock water water out water in water jacket yeast, glucose and ammonium compounds in water Explain the importance of each of the following: the water jacket a source of nitrogen the air lock. shows the change in the yeast population and in the alcohol content in the student’s fermenter. 0 0 yeast population / g dm–3 alcohol concentration / g dm–3 time / hours alcohol yeast × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Describe the changes in the population of yeast. Explain the changes you have described. Name two industrial processes that rely on anaerobic respiration of yeast.
12. Respiration  →  12.3. Anaerobic respiration
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.2. Biotechnology
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5
A researcher carried out four experiments, A to D, to investigate the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis of cucumber plants. The experiments were carried out at two concentrations of carbon dioxide and at two temperatures. The results are shown in . Key × × × × × × × light intensity / arbitrary units rate of photosynthesis / arbitrary units A B C D CO2 / % temp / °C A B C D 0.13 0.13 0.03 0.03 Use the results in to identify the limiting factor for the rate of photosynthesis at the light intensities given in Table 5.1. Write your answers in Table 5.1. Table 5.1 experiment light intensity / arbitrary units limiting factor A B C D light intensity Define the term limiting factor. shows that providing plants with more carbon dioxide can increase the rate of photosynthesis. An investigation was carried out in China using crop residues and animal manure mixed together in composting units that were placed into a glasshouse containing crop plants. shows a composting unit in which decomposition takes place. grid crop residues and animal manure sponge carbon dioxide Suggest the reason for using a grid instead of a solid base for the composting unit. The sponge was soaked in sulfuric acid to remove any ammonia gas released by the decomposing material . Explain how the ammonia was produced. Two glasshouses were used in this investigation. One glasshouse contained composting units and the other did not. Each glasshouse contained the same number and type of crop plants. The concentration of carbon dioxide in both glasshouses was measured at midday. The results are shown in . carbon dioxide concentration / parts per million time / days × × × × × × × × × × × × × × with composting units no composting units State why a glasshouse without composting units was used in the investigation. Describe the results shown in . At the end of the investigation the crop plants were harvested and weighed. Table 5.2 gives the results. Table 5.2 crop plant mean fresh mass / g per plant no composting units composting units Chinese cabbage 115.7 355.8 celery 44.7 133.9 lettuce 95.5 349.4 Use the information in and in Table 5.2 to summarise the results of the study.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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