0610_m17_qp_42
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2017
Paper:
4
Variant:
2
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1
shows a vertical section through a human heart and the major blood vessels. J K L M N O P State the names of the structures labelled L, M and O as shown in . L M O Identify a letter on that represents a blood vessel that has: blood with the highest concentration of carbon dioxide blood with the highest concentration of oxygen the highest pressure Describe how blood is moved by the heart from blood vessel K to blood vessel J. Explain why the wall of the left ventricle is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels
9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart
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2
Bacteria are classified as belonging to the Prokaryote kingdom. State two features of all prokaryotes. MRSA is a type of bacterium that is resistant to antibiotics. The number of cases of MRSA identified in hospitals in the USA between 1995 and 2005 was recorded. shows these data. 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 400 000 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 number of cases of MRSA per year year Describe the results shown in . Explain how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. The number of cases of MRSA has decreased since 2005. Suggest reasons for this decrease.
15. Drugs  →  15.1. Drugs
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3
Colour blindness in humans is caused by a fault in some of the light receptor cells in the retina of the eye. Rod cells and cone cells are two types of light receptor. Complete Table 3.1 to state the function of three types of cell in the eye. Table 3.1 type of cell in the eye function rod cells cone cells sensory neurones The number of rod cells and cone cells at places across the retina were recorded. The diagram of an eye in shows the angles from the fovea where the recordings were made. The graph in shows the number of rod cells and cone cells across the retina. Use to describe and explain the distribution of rod cells and cone cells across the retina. Colour blindness is a sex-linked characteristic. The gene for colour vision is on the X chromosome. There are two alleles of this gene: • B is the allele for normal colour vision • b is the allele for colour blindness. is a pedigree chart showing the inheritance of colour blindness in a family. The key shows the sex chromosomes and the alleles of the gene for colour vision. Key male with normal colour vision XBY colour-blind male XbY female with normal colour vision XBXB carrier female with normal colour vision XBXb colour-blind female XbXb Describe evidence from that shows that colour blindness is a sex-linked characteristic. A man with normal colour vision (XBY) and a woman who is colour-blind (XbXb) have a baby. Complete the genetic diagram to predict the probability that the baby is colour-blind. parental phenotypes male with normal x colour-blind female colour vision parental genotypes XBY x XbXb parental gametes offspring genotypes offspring phenotypes probability that the baby is colour-blind:
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs
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4
Water is one requirement for photosynthesis. State two other requirements needed by plants to carry out photosynthesis. Table 4.1 shows the number of hectares of forested area in some countries in Africa in the years 1990, 2000 and 2005. Table 4.1 country hectares of forest per 1000 hectares of land Cameroon Tanzania Nigeria Zambia Zimbabwe Calculate the percentage loss of forested area in Nigeria between 2000 and 2005. Show your working and give your answer to the nearest whole number. % Some forested areas are cleared to provide land to grow crop plants. Deforestation reduces the local rainfall and the concentration of water vapour in the air. Describe and explain how a reduced concentration of water vapour in the air would increase the movement of water through crop plants. Describe how water moves from the soil into the roots of crop plants. Describe the consequences of deforestation on the animals that live in forests.
8. Transport in plants  →  8.3. Transpiration
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.4. Conservation
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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5
Alcohol can be made by the microorganism yeast. State the balanced chemical equation for the production of alcohol by yeast. Name the organ that breaks down alcohol in the human body. shows a computer model of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, which is the enzyme responsible for breaking down alcohol. Enzymes have a specific three dimensional shape. Explain why the shape of an enzyme is important. Table 5.1 shows the enzyme activity of alcohol dehydrogenase at different temperatures. Table 5.1 temperature / °C enzyme activity / arbitrary units The information in Table 5.1 shows that an increase in temperature increases the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase. Explain why an increase in temperature causes an increase in enzyme activity. State one factor, other than temperature, that affects enzyme activity. A gene is involved in the production of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Define the term gene. Describe the role of ribosomes in the synthesis of proteins such as enzymes.
5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzymes
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6
Table 6.1 shows some of the enzymes, their substrates, products and where they are produced in the digestive system. Complete Table 6.1. Table 6.1 enzyme substrate productlocation of enzyme production starch salivary glands maltase maltose amino acids stomach wall amino acids pancreas and small intestinal wall lipase fats Bile is made in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and passes into the small intestine. Describe the role of bile in digestion. After chemical digestion the products of digestion are absorbed. Define absorption. Lack of protein in the diet can result in protein-energy malnutrition. State the name of one disease caused by protein-energy malnutrition. People that eat a diet that is high in fats are often advised to reduce their intake of fats. Suggest the health benefits of this change in diet.
7. Human nutrition  →  7.4. Chemical digestion
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