0610_s24_qp_41
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
7
Year:
2024
Paper:
4
Variant:
1
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1
is a photograph of a fish. is a photograph of an amphibian. State two visible features that distinguish the fish in from the amphibian in . Fish, amphibians and mammals are all vertebrate groups. State the name of one other vertebrate group. shows the circulatory system of a fish. shows the circulatory system of an amphibian. heart ventricle atrium gill capillaries body capillaries lung and skin capillaries body capillaries heart Describe the similarities and the differences between the circulatory systems of the fish and the amphibian in and . Explain the advantages of the type of circulatory system in mammals compared with the type of circulatory system in fish. Explain how the structure of arteries and veins relates to the difference in the pressure of the blood transported by these vessels. Table 1.1 shows the names of some organs and the name of the main artery that brings blood to the organ. Complete Table 1.1. Table 1.1 name of the organ name of the artery that brings blood to the organ lung renal artery liver
9. Transport in animals  →  9.1. Circulatory systems
9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels
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2
shows the internal body temperature of a human and the external environmental temperature during six hours in one day. temperature / °C time / hours key: internal body temperature external environmental temperature The internal body temperature range is from 36.4 °C to 37.0 °C. State the range of the external environmental temperature shown in . Explain the results for the internal body temperature shown in . shows a cross‑section through human skin. B A F E D C Table 2.1 shows the names of some parts of the skin, the letter identifying the part in and its role in maintaining internal body temperature. Complete Table 2.1. Table 2.1 name of the part letter in role in maintaining internal body temperature insulation E detect temperature changes
14. Coordination and response  →  14.4. Homeostasis
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
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3
shows a drawing of a root hair cell and shows a drawing of a palisade cell. mitochondria mitochondrion chloroplast Explain the reasons for the difference in the numbers of mitochondria and chloroplasts between the root hair cell and the palisade cell, shown in and . mitochondria chloroplasts is a photomicrograph of a cross‑section of part of a xerophyte leaf. B A Explain why the part labelled A in is a tissue. Describe two ways the structure labelled B in is adapted for its function. Describe one way the leaves of xerophytes are adapted to their environment. Describe one way the roots of xerophytes are adapted to their environment.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure
8. Transport in plants  →  8.2. Water uptake
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4
A student investigated the effect of lactase on three different liquids: • milk • lactose‑free milk • sucrose solution. The student used an indicator to test for the presence of glucose. A sample of each liquid was tested before and after treatment with lactase. The indicator turned brown in the presence of glucose. The indicator remained blue in the absence of glucose. Table 4.1 shows the results of the tests. Table 4.1 liquid colour before treatment with lactase colour after treatment with lactase milk blue brown lactose‑free milk brown brown sucrose solution blue blue Explain the results for the three liquids shown in Table 4.1. The student kept the solutions at a temperature that was close to the optimum during the investigation. Using your knowledge of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity, explain why this was important. As part of a balanced diet, some governments recommend that children drink milk that has vitamin D added to it. Suggest the dietary reasons for this advice. Describe what is meant by a balanced diet.
5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzymes
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.2. Biotechnology
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5
is a graph showing the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration from the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf that is provided with a constant supply of water. X Y lower surface upper surface temperature rate of transpiration Describe the results shown in . Explain reasons for the shape of the graph for the upper surface of the leaf at X and at Y in . at X at Y Suggest how the structure of the lower surface differs from the upper surface of the leaf used in this investigation.
8. Transport in plants  →  8.3. Transpiration
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6
Polio is a viral disease that can cause nerve damage in humans. In one area, polio vaccination began in 1957. shows the number of cases of polio in this area between 1950 and 1970. 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960 year 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 number of cases of polio Calculate the percentage change in the number of cases of polio between 1950 and 1952 in . Give your answer to two significant figures. Space for working. % Explain how vaccination causes the results shown between 1958 and 1970 in . Explain why the polio vaccine does not protect you from other diseases. Blood clotting helps to prevent some infections. Outline how a blood clot is formed and how it can prevent infections. State the name of the component of blood responsible for transporting blood cells.
10. Diseases and immunity  →  10.1. Diseases and immunity
9. Transport in animals  →  9.4. Blood
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7
is a flowchart showing the stages of eutrophication. Complete . underwater producers die because they are unable to resulting in the death of organisms requiring oxygen the concentration of increases blocking from entering the water in the lake the growth of on the surface of the lake increases fertilisers enter a lake decomposition increases bacterial decomposers use oxygen for A scientist obtained a sample of the bacterial decomposers and grew them in a flask. The resources available for bacterial growth in the flask became limiting. The size of the bacterial population was estimated during the investigation and these data were plotted on a graph. State the name of the expected shape of the population growth curve that would be drawn on the graph. State the name of the initial phase of bacterial growth. State one factor, other than a lack of resources, that would cause bacteria to die during the death phase.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.4. Populations
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
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