0610_w20_qp_42
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
5
Year:
2020
Paper:
4
Variant:
2
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1
Sensitivity is one of the characteristics of life. The eye is one of the major sense organs of vertebrates. Define the term sensitivity. Define the term sense organ. Accommodation is one of the functions of the eye. is a diagram of an eye that is focusing on a distant object. ciliary muscle retina X suspensory ligaments State the name of the part of the retina labelled X. is an incomplete diagram of an eye that is focusing on a near object. Complete by drawing the shape of the lens and the light rays from the object to the retina. Describe the roles of the ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments in focusing on a distant object, as shown in . The eye also controls the amount of light that enters the pupil. shows an eye in low light and in bright light. eye in low light eye in bright light Describe the changes that occur in the eye when the light becomes bright, as shown in . The change shown in occurs automatically without thought. State the name given to this type of action.
14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs
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2
is a vertical section of a human molar tooth and surrounding structures. D C B A State the names of the parts labelled A to D on . A B C D Describe and explain the function of molar teeth. is an X-ray of decay in a molar tooth. decayed molar tooth Explain how tooth decay occurs. is a food web for a forested area in Central America. hooded skunk jaguar bobcat great horned owl long-tailed weasel nine-banded armadillo termites red harvester ants lowland tapir collared peccary muhly grass Peruvian feather grass Complete Table 3.1 using information from . Table 3.1 trophic level description example from herbivore producer feeds on tertiary consumers secondary consumer shows the flow of energy through a food chain. The size of each box represents the energy available in each trophic level, numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4. respiration respiration respiration Z trophic level 1 trophic level 2 trophic level 3 trophic level 4 solar energy State the term given to the group of organisms represented by Z in . Explain, with reference to , why food chains usually have fewer than five trophic levels. Intensive livestock production can be damaging to natural ecosystems. shows intensive farming of chickens. Describe the negative impact on an ecosystem of the intensive production of livestock, such as chickens. Forests are cleared for farmland. Deforestation can lead to a loss of soil (soil erosion). Explain the effects of soil erosion on ecosystems.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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4
Yeast cells have many structures in common with a plant cell. is a drawing of a yeast cell. A B C D cell wall State the names of the cell structures labelled A and D on . A D State the functions of the cell structures labelled B and C on . B C State the name of one structure that is found in plant cells but is absent in yeast cells. Yeast is used in the production of ethanol to manufacture a type of biofuel. is a flow chart of the process. maize plants maltose enzyme S enzyme T process U in anaerobic conditions glucose extraction of starch from maize ethanol carbon dioxide State the names of enzymes S and T. S T Yeast is used in process U. Complete the balanced chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast. C2H5OH + Suggest the advantages of using biofuels instead of fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide may be collected from process U and sold for use in glasshouses. Explain why carbon dioxide is used in glasshouses.
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.2. Biotechnology
12. Respiration  →  12.3. Anaerobic respiration
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5
The activities of the ovaries and the uterus are regulated by the hormones FSH, LH, oestrogen and progesterone during the menstrual cycle. Complete Table 5.1 to show the sites of production and the roles of these four hormones. Table 5.1 hormone site of production target organ role FSH pituitary gland ovary LH pituitary gland ovary oestrogen uterus stimulates growth of the lining of the uterus progesterone uterus shows the changes in the lining of the uterus of a human female. day of menstrual cycle thickness of the lining of the uterus Describe the changes in the lining of the uterus between days 0 and 28 of the menstrual cycle. between days 0 and 7 between days 7 and 28 Some people are infertile. Artificial insemination (Aand in vitro fertilisation (IVF) are two methods of fertility treatment. These two methods are outlined in . collection of sperm washed sperm growth of embryos in culture dish transfer of embryos freezing of spare embryos not to scale in vitro fertilisation artificial insemination washed sperm collection of sperm collection of eggs eggs and sperm mixed together embryo
16. Reproduction  →  16.5. Sex hormones in humans
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6
is a diagram of DNA. base pair Key: base A State the letter of the base that pairs with A. State the letters of the other bases in DNA. Outline the roles of DNA in a cell. shows a plant tissue in which cells are dividing by mitosis. K J H Cell H in is about to divide by mitosis. State what happens to the chromosomes in cell H before mitosis takes place and state why it is necessary. Cell K is about to divide into two cells. State the structures that will form between the nuclei so that the cell divides into two cells. Cell J in is an example of a diploid cell. State what is meant by the term diploid.
17. Inheritance  →  17.2. Mitosis
2. Organisation of the organism  →  2.1. Cell structure
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