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shows some masses on a mass hanger attached to an elastic band. The elastic band is stretched by the masses. rigid support elastic band mass hanger masses The total mass of the masses and the mass hanger is 300 g. Calculate the total weight of the masses and the mass hanger. total weight = N A student pulls the mass hanger down and then releases it. The mass hanger and masses oscillate up and down. The student uses a stop-watch to time 20 oscillations. shows the time reading on the stop-watch after the 20th oscillation. min s s Determine the time in seconds for 20 oscillations from the time shown in . time for 20 oscillations = s Calculate the time in seconds for one oscillation. time for one oscillation = s When the student pulls the mass hanger down, energy is stored in the elastic band as elastic potential energy. Describe what happens to this energy store when the student releases the mass hanger and it moves upwards.

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.1. Energy

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.3. Mass and weight

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2

A student is doing some physical exercise. shows the student holding a 50 N weight. 50 N pivot 0.90 m The pivot in the shoulder is 0.90 m from the centre of mass of the weight. Calculate the moment of the weight about this pivot. moment of the weight = N m The student does some running exercises. shows the speed–time graph for one exercise. 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 time / s A C D speed m / s 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 B C A D E Describe the motion of the athlete in sections AB and DE. section AB section DE Calculate the distance moved by the athlete from time = 0 to time = 5.0 s. distance = m

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

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3

shows a metal block and its dimensions. 12.0 cm 2.0 cm 2.0 cm (not to scale) Calculate the volume of the metal block. volume of the block = cm3 A different metal block has a mass of 86 g and a volume of 8.0 cm3. Calculate the density ρ of the metal using the equation ρ = m V . density of metal = g / cm3 The metal block is placed in some liquid. The metal block floats on the liquid. Suggest a value for the density of the liquid. g / cm3 A student has a measuring cylinder, a beaker of liquid and a balance. Describe how the student can use this equipment to determine the density of the liquid.

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.4. Density

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4

Coal-fired power stations provide electricity for homes and industry. A government decides to replace a coal-fired power station with a hydroelectric power station. Describe how electrical energy may be obtained from the gravitational potential energy of the water behind a hydroelectric dam. Apart from cost, state two advantages of generating electricity using a hydroelectric power station compared with using a coal-fired power station. 1. 2. Apart from cost, state two disadvantages of generating electricity using a hydroelectric power station compared with using a coal-fired power station. 1. 2.

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.5. Electrical energy and electrical power

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5

A woman starts to push a trolley across the floor. shows the horizontal forces acting on the trolley. 120 N 90 N trolley Determine the resultant horizontal force on the trolley. resultant force = N direction of resultant force = The total weight of the trolley and boxes is 900 N. The area of each wheel in contact with the ground is 8.0 cm2. The trolley has four wheels. Calculate the pressure on the ground due to the total weight of the trolley and boxes. Include the correct unit in your answer. pressure on the ground = unit

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.1. Effects of forces

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.6. Momentum

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6

represents gas particles in a container. The container is at room temperature. container wall gas particle (not to scale) Describe the motion of the gas particles. State how the motion of the gas particles changes when the gas in the container is cooled. Explain how the gas particles exert a pressure on the walls of the container.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.2. Particle model

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.3. Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

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7

State the name for the transfer of thermal energy through a metal. A metal can contains some water. The metal can is heated as shown in . heat movement of water water metal can Describe how thermal energy causes the movement of water shown in . A student places equal masses of water into two metal cans. The cans are identical apart from one having a white outer surface and the other having a black outer surface. The student places the two cans in direct sunlight. The temperature of the water increases in both cans. After 10 minutes, the temperature increase is greater in one of the cans. State and explain which can has the greater increase in temperature.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.3.4. Consequences of thermal energy transfer

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.3. Melting, boiling and evaporation

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8

A student uses a tank of water to observe waves on the surface of the water. The graph in represents a wave on the surface of the water. displacement of water distance Draw on to indicate the amplitude of the wave. Label the amplitude A. Draw on to indicate one wavelength of the wave. Label the wavelength L. The student creates waves in the water tank and places various barriers in their path. shows the wavefronts as they approach a barrier placed at an angle of 45° to the wavefronts. water direction of travel of wavefronts water tank wavefronts barrier 45° On , draw three wavefronts after they have reflected from the barrier. Draw an arrow to show the direction of travel of these wavefronts. The student replaces the barrier in with a different barrier, as shown in . shows the wavefronts as they reach the barrier. water direction of travel of wavefronts narrow gap water tank wavefronts barrier On , draw three wavefronts after they have passed through the narrow gap.

3. Waves  →  3.1. General properties of waves

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9

shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. One region is not labelled. radio waves infrared waves visible light ultraviolet waves X-rays gamma-rays In , one region is unlabelled. State the name of the unlabelled region. Complete the sentence. The direction of the arrow in shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing . State two uses for X-rays. 1. 2. State why X-rays can be harmful to people.

3. Waves  →  3.3. Electromagnetic spectrum

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10

A student connects the circuit shown in . A LDR The student wants to determine the resistance of the light-dependent resistor (LDR). Draw on to show how the student connects a voltmeter into the circuit. Use the correct symbol for the voltmeter. The current in the LDR is 0.020 A when the potential difference across the LDR is 5.4 V. Calculate the resistance of the LDR. resistance of LDR = Ω When the student shines a light onto the LDR, its resistance is 150 Ω. The resistance of the variable resistor in the circuit is 180 Ω. Determine the combined resistance of the LDR and the variable resistor. combined resistance = Ω

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.4. Resistance

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11

A battery charger for a laptop computer includes a transformer. The primary voltage Vp to the transformer is 240 V. The number of turns on the primary coil Np is 590 turns and the number of turns on the secondary coil Ns of the transformer is 48 turns. Calculate the secondary voltage Vs of the transformer. secondary voltage Vs = V The plug connecting the transformer to the supply voltage contains a fuse. Describe how a fuse works.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.6. The transformer

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12

Table 12.1 gives some properties of three different types of radiation. Table 12.1 type of radiation nature relative charge ionising ability gamma (γ) electromagnetic wave low beta (β) –1 (minus one) medium alpha (α) helium nucleus Complete Table 12.1 by writing the missing property in each of the empty boxes. State which type of radiation, alpha, beta or gamma, is the most penetrating. An isotope of beryllium, Be, has the nuclide notation: 4Be. shows a diagram of one atom of this isotope. electron Y X (not to scale) Complete the labelling of . State the names for X and for Y. X Y

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.2. The three types of nuclear emission

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.4. Half-life

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