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1

A student investigates water dripping from a tap . shows the dripping tap and a rule next to a container collecting the drops of water. cm rule tap drop of water container water Name the quantity that the student is measuring with the rule. The student uses a digital stopwatch to measure the time between the drops of water. She repeats her measurement. shows the reading on the stopwatch for all her measurements. min sec 1/100th sec min sec 1/100th sec min sec 1/100th sec time = s time = s time = s On the line below each stopwatch, record the time, in seconds, measured by the student. Calculate the average time between drops of water. Show your working. average time between drops = s The student collects drops of water for 15.5 minutes. Calculate how many drops leave the tap in 15.5 minutes. Use your answer to part b. number of drops =

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.1. Physical quantities and measurement techniques

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2

shows the speed-time graph for a student cycling along a straight, flat road. time / s speed m / s Calculate the distance he travels in the first 10 s. distance = m shows three pairs of forces A, B and C. A 60 N backward force 20 N forward force B 50 N backward force 50 N forward force C 20 N backward force 70 N forward force Identify which pair of forces, A, B or C, acts on the cyclist between 11 s and 16 s. Explain your choice. pair of forces explanation The cyclist pushes on one pedal with a force of 120 N. The area of his shoe in contact with the pedal is 16 cm2. Calculate the pressure on the pedal. Include the unit. pressure =

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.1. Effects of forces

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3

shows a girl and a boy on a see-saw. 300 N W log pivot boy girl 2.4 m 1.6 m The see-saw pivots on the log. Calculate the girl’s moment about the pivot. girl’s moment = N m The see-saw is balanced horizontally. Calculate the weight W of the boy. weight of boy = N

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.2. Turning effect of forces

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4

A student is investigating a mixture of water and ice. The water and ice are at the same temperature. He uses a thermometer. shows a thermometer. –10 110 °C X Y scale narrow tube glass On , label X and Y. The thermometer is put into the mixture of water and ice. On , draw an arrow pointing to the reading on the scale. –10 110 °C The beaker of ice and water is left in a warm room for five hours. State what happens to the ice during this time. Describe this process in terms of the molecules in the ice.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.3. Melting, boiling and evaporation

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.3. Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

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5

shows two circuits, A and B. circuit A circuit B Both circuits contain a 6 V power supply and two 6 V lamps. State two advantages of circuit B compared to circuit A. shows the energy input and outputs, in one second, for one electric lamp. energy input 10.0 J wasted energy 8.2 J useful energy output Calculate the useful energy output, in one second, of the lamp. useful energy output = J In the space below draw a labelled diagram, similar to , for a more efficient lamp. Electricity can be generated using wind turbines. shows two wind turbines. State two advantages and two disadvantages of using wind turbines, rather than fossil fuels, to generate electricity. advantages disadvantages

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.2. Series and parallel circuits

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6

shows the regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Two regions have not been named. gamma rays ultraviolet rays visible light infra-red waves radio waves Complete by labelling the two regions that have not been named. On , circle the region with the longest wavelength. Suggest a use for gamma radiation. Suggest a use for ultraviolet radiation.

3. Waves  →  3.3. Electromagnetic spectrum

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7

shows a ray of light incident on a rectangular glass block at point X. W X Q S R P air glass The ray of light is refracted at X. On , draw the normal at X, draw the path of the ray through the glass block until it reaches the surface RS, label, at X, the angle of incidence with a letter i and the angle of refraction with a letter r, draw the path of the ray of light leaving the glass block.

3. Waves  →  3.2.1. Reflection of light

3. Waves  →  3.2.2. Refraction of light

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8

Researchers have found that the best temperature for drinking coffee is 60 °C. A designer has developed a new type of cup for keeping coffee at 60 °C. The cup is shown in . plastic lid inner steel walls shiny outer steel wall vacuum coffee material Z Material Z has a melting point of 60 °C. At room temperature, material Z is solid. Coffee, at a temperature of 90 °C, is poured into the cup. The coffee cools rapidly to 60 °C. State what happens to material Z when the hot coffee is poured into the cup. Explain how the features of the cup enable the coffee to be kept at 60 °C for a long time. plastic lid vacuum shiny outer steel wall

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.3. Melting, boiling and evaporation

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9

The resistance of a long piece of wire is 6.0 Ω. The potential difference across the wire is 2.0 V. Calculate the current in the wire. current = A A force acts on a wire carrying a current in a magnetic field. shows the direction of the current in the wire and the direction of the force acting on the wire. N S wire current direction of force On , draw arrows to indicate the direction of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is reversed. State what happens, if anything, to the direction of the force on the wire. shows a current-carrying coil in a magnetic field. N N S S axle axle coil magnet magnet + – to battery The coil starts to turn about its axle. State two ways of increasing the turning effect on the coil. 1. 2. Describe and explain the effect of reversing the connections to the battery.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.4. Force on a current-carrying conductor

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10

shows the charger for a laptop computer. charger The charger contains a transformer. The voltage across the primary coil of the transformer is 230 V. The primary coil has 4995 turns and the secondary coil has 555 turns. Calculate the output voltage of the transformer. output voltage = V State the term used to describe this type of transformer.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.6. The transformer

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11

Any atomic nucleus can be represented as A ZX. State which letter, A, X or Z, is the • chemical symbol, • nucleon number, • proton number. A nucleus of americium-241 can be written as 241 95Am. 1. Determine the number of electrons in a neutral atom of americium-241. number of electrons = 2. Determine the number of neutrons in a nucleus of americium-241. number of neutrons = Explain what is meant by isotopes of an element.

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.1.2. The nucleus

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12

A radioactive nucleus decays by the emission of a β-particle. State what a β-particle is and give its charge. The graph in shows how the count rate from a sample of a radioactive substance varies with time. count rate counts / min time / days Use the graph to find the half-life. Show your working on the graph. half-life = days Following an accident, the soil around a nuclear power station is contaminated by caesium-137, which is radioactive. A sample of this soil containing caesium-137 has a count rate of 180 counts / min. Caesium-137 has a half-life of 30 years and decays by β-emission. Calculate the count rate from the caesium-137 in the sample after 60 years. count rate = counts / min Suggest why people do not want to live near the power station, even after it has closed.

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.3. Radioactive decay

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.1. Detection of radioactivity

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