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1

shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest. time / s speed m / s Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time = 30 s. acceleration = Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100 s compares to the acceleration at time = 10 s. Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken place. Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time = 120 s and time = 160 s. distance =

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

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2

shows a fork-lift truck lifting a box. box The electric motor that drives the lifting mechanism is powered by batteries. State the form of the energy stored in the batteries. The lifting mechanism raises a box of mass 32 kg through a vertical distance of 2.5 m in 5.4 s. Calculate the gravitational potential energy gained by the box. gravitational potential energy = The efficiency of the lifting mechanism is 0.65 (65%). Calculate the input power to the lifting mechanism. input power = The batteries are recharged from a mains voltage supply that is generated in an oil-fired power station. By comparison with a wind farm, state one advantage and one disadvantage of running a power station using oil. advantage disadvantage

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.5. Electrical energy and electrical power

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3

A rectangular container has a base of dimensions 0.12 m × 0.16 m. The container is filled with a liquid. The mass of the liquid in the container is 4.8 kg. Calculate the weight of liquid in the container, weight = the pressure due to the liquid on the base of the container. pressure = Explain why the total pressure on the base of the container is greater than the value calculated in . The depth of liquid in the container is 0.32 m. Calculate the density of the liquid. density =

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.4. Density

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.8. Pressure

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4

Describe the movement of the molecules in a solid, a gas. A closed box contains gas molecules. Explain, in terms of momentum, how the molecules exert a pressure on the walls of the box.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.2. Particle model

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.3. Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

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5

A ray of light in air is incident on a glass block. The light changes direction. State the name of this effect, the cause of this effect. , drawn to full scale, shows a thin converging lens of focal length 3.5 cm. 1.0 cm 1.0 cm O lens On , mark each of the two principal focuses and label each with the letter F. An object O of height 4.4 cm is placed a distance of 7.5 cm from the lens. On , draw rays from the tip of the object O to locate the image. Draw and label the image. Determine the height of the image. height of the image = State and explain whether the image is real or virtual.

3. Waves  →  3.2.3. Thin lenses

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6

shows wavefronts approaching a gap in a barrier. wavefront barrier On , draw three wavefronts to the right of the barrier. shows the gap in the barrier increased to five times the gap in . wavefront barrier On , draw three wavefronts to the right of the barrier. Describe, with a labelled diagram, an experiment using water waves that shows the reflection of wavefronts that occur at a straight barrier.

3. Waves  →  3.1. General properties of waves

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7

State, in terms of their structure, why metals are good conductors of electricity. A cylindrical metal wire W1, of length l and cross-sectional area A, has a resistance of 16 Ω. A second cylindrical wire W2 having length l 2 and cross-sectional area 2 A, is made from the same metal. Determine the resistance of W2, resistance of W2 = the effective resistance of W1 and W2 when connected in parallel. resistance of parallel pair = The parallel pair of resistors in is connected to a battery that is made from three cells in series, each of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E. There is a current in each resistor. State the e.m.f. of the battery. The current in the battery is IB, the current in W1 is I1 and the current in W2 is I2. Place a tick (3) in one box to indicate how these three currents are related. I1 > I2 > IB I1 > IB > I2 I2 > I1 > IB I2 > IB > I1 IB > I1 > I2 IB > I2 > I1 I1 = I2 = IB

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.2. Series and parallel circuits

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.4. Resistance

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8

In a laboratory at normal room temperature, 200 g of water is poured into a beaker. A thermometer placed in the water has a reading of 22 °C. Small pieces of ice at 0 °C are added to the water one by one. The mixture is stirred after each addition until the ice has melted. This process is continued until the temperature recorded by the thermometer is 0 °C. The total mass of ice added to the water is found to be 60 g. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 J/(g °C). Calculate the thermal energy lost by the water originally in the beaker. thermal energy = Assume that all the thermal energy lost by the water originally in the beaker is transferred to the ice. Calculate the specific latent heat of fusion of ice. specific latent heat of fusion of ice = Suggest a reason for any inaccuracy in the value of the specific latent heat of fusion of ice calculated in . Assume the temperature readings and the values for the mass of the water and the mass of the ice are accurate.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.2. Specific heat capacity

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9

A student wants to demagnetise a permanent bar magnet. She suggests these steps: 1. Place the magnet in a long coil. 2. Switch on a large alternating current in the coil. 3. Switch off the current. 4. Remove the bar from the coil. State and explain whether the steps will always be able to demagnetise the magnet. shows a coil supplied with current using a split-ring commutator. N S coil magnet split-ring carbon brush battery State and explain any motion of the coil. The coil in consists of three turns of wire. The magnetic field strength of the magnet is M. With a current of 2.0 A in the coil, the coil experiences a turning effect T. The first row of Table 9.1 shows this data. Table 9.1 number of turns current in the coil / A magnetic field strength turning effect 2.0 M T 8.0 M 2.0 M 2.0 M Complete Table 9.1 to give the turning effect for the changes made to the arrangement shown in . Choose your answers from the box. T T T T 2T 4T 8T

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.5. The d.c. motor

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current

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10

Explain why the voltage of the supply to the primary coil of a transformer must be alternating. shows a transformer. 240 V mains turns A B There are 8000 turns in the primary coil of the transformer. The primary coil is connected to a 240 V mains supply. A 6.0 V lamp connected to the secondary coil operates at full brightness. Calculate the number of turns in the secondary coil, number of turns = The current in the lamp is 2.0 A. The transformer operates with 100% efficiency. Calculate the current in the primary circuit. current = The primary circuit contains a 2 A fuse. Calculate the maximum number of lamps, identical to the lamp in , that can be connected in parallel in the secondary circuit without blowing the fuse. number of lamps =

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.6. The transformer

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11

Radon-222 is radioactive. It can be represented as 222 86 Rn. For a neutral atom of radon-222, state 1. the number of protons, 2. the number of neutrons, 3. the number of electrons. A radon-222 nucleus decays by α-particle emission to a polonium (Po) nucleus. Complete the equation for the decay of radon-222. 86 Rn Radon-222 has a half-life of 3.8 days. At a certain time, a sample contains 6.4 × 106 radon nuclei. Calculate the number of α-particles emitted by the radon nuclei in the following 7.6 days. number =

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.3. Radioactive decay

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.1.2. The nucleus

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