5054_s05_qp_2
A paper of Physics, 5054
Questions:
11
Year:
2005
Paper:
2
Variant:
0
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1
represents the motion of Earth and the planet Venus around the Sun. The orbits shown are circles. On , draw an arrow to show the direction of the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth. Information about Earth and Venus is given in the table. Use the information in the table to show that Venus has a greater speed than Earth. As Earth and Venus move in their orbits, the distance between them changes. Calculate the largest possible distance between them. distance = million km not to scale Sun Earth orbit of Earth orbit of Venus planet Venus Earth time for one orbit in (Earth) years radius of orbit / million km circumference of orbit / million km 0.7 1.0
6. Space physics  →  6.1.2. The Solar System
6. Space physics  →  6.1.1. The Earth
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2
shows the lens of a simple camera being used to photograph an object. The lens forms a focused image of the object on the film. Draw two rays from the top of the object to show how the lens forms the image. The object moves closer to the camera. State how the lens is adjusted to keep the image in focus. Complete to show how white light is split into a spectrum when it passes through a glass prism. prism white light object lens film camera Use
3. Waves  →  3.2.3. Thin lenses
3. Waves  →  3.2.4. Dispersion of light
3. Waves  →  3.2.1. Reflection of light
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3
shows a weather balloon. The balloon is shown partly filled with gas from a cylinder. The balloon contains no gas initially. When it is connected to the cylinder, gas enters the balloon. The pressure in the cylinder decreases. Explain why the molecules inside the cylinder exert a large pressure initially, exert a smaller pressure in the cylinder when the balloon is filled. The volume of the cylinder is 0.0020 m3. The pressure inside the cylinder is initially 200 atmospheres. When the cylinder is connected to the balloon, the final pressure in the cylinder and the balloon is 1.0 atmosphere. The temperature of the gas remains constant. Calculate the final volume of gas in the balloon. State the equation that you use. volume = cylinder balloon Use
2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.2. Particle model
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.1. Physical quantities and measurement techniques
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4
shows a hydroelectric power station. Water from the lake is used to produce electricity in the turbine house. State where the water in has the least potential energy. In 30 minutes, the water loses 5.0 × 109J of energy and 4.5 × 109J of electrical energy is produced in the turbine house. Calculate the efficiency of the energy conversion. efficiency = Calculate, in watts, the electrical power output from the turbine house. power = W Some power stations burn coal to produce the same electrical power output. State one advantage of the hydroelectric power station. State one harmful effect that the hydroelectric power station may have on the environment. to river turbine house dam lake Use
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.4. Efficiency
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.5. Power
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5
shows a coil of wire wrapped around a plastic tube. Inside the tube are two pieces of soft iron. When the switch is closed, the compass needles point in the direction of the magnetic field produced at each position. You may ignore the magnetic field of the Earth in this question. On mark arrows, in compasses A, B and C, to show the direction of the magnetic field at each position after the switch has been closed. When the switch is closed, the two pieces of soft iron in the tube become magnets and move. On , mark the poles formed on each piece of soft iron. State and explain how the pieces of iron move. State the effect on the magnetic field of reversing the direction of the current, reducing the size of the current. compass A B C soft iron plastic tube switch Use
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.1. Simple magnetism and magnetic fields
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.4. Forces on a current-carrying conductor
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6
The table gives information about two household appliances. Write the missing values in the empty spaces in the table. Why is more power needed for the water heater than for the television? The water heater is connected to the mains supply. Explain why using a 3 A fuse would not be suitable. Use appliance mains supply voltage / V current through appliance / A power / W power / kW time used per day / h energy used per day / kW h television 1.20 0.288 2.50 0.720 water heater 12.6 0.50
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.4.1. Uses of electricity
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8
Three cells are connected in series making a battery, as shown in . The e.m.f. of each cell is 1.5 V. A resistance of 15  is connected to the battery. What is the total e.m.f. of the battery? Calculate the current in the circuit. State the equation that you use. current = A battery can be made from cells connected in parallel, as shown in . State one advantage of connecting the cells in parallel. 15  Use
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.3. Electromotive force and potential difference
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.2. Series and parallel circuits
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9
A train travels from one station to the next. It starts from rest at time t = 0 and accelerates uniformly for the first 20 s. At t = 20 s it reaches its top speed of 25 m/s. It then travels at this speed for a further 30 s before decelerating uniformly to rest. The total time for the journey is 60 s. Sketch a speed-time graph for the motion of the train. Do not use graph paper. Put the speed of the train on the y-axis and time along the x-axis. Write down the equation, in words, that relates acceleration, time and change in velocity. Explain what is meant by a uniform acceleration. Use your graph to calculate the deceleration of the train as it comes to rest. Several forces act on the train when it is moving. Name the horizontal and vertical forces that act on the train and give the direction of each force. Explain whether the horizontal forces are balanced or unbalanced, 1. when the train accelerates, 2. when the train travels at constant speed, 3. when the train decelerates. You may draw diagrams to help your explanations. A second train has a non-uniform acceleration. Sketch a speed-time graph showing a non-uniform acceleration. Do not use graph paper.
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion
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10
When a house is heated, energy is lost to the outside. shows where the energy is lost from the house. Calculate the percentage of the energy lost through the roof. Energy is lost through the roof by conduction and from the roof by convection and by radiation. Explain in detail how this happens. Fitting carpets on the floor reduces energy loss. Explain how a carpet reduces energy loss. The table gives information about three methods of reducing energy loss. Calculate the values of X and Y. Which one of these three methods should the house owner choose? Explain your answer. State two other ways, not already mentioned, of reducing energy loss from the house. roof windows 10% walls 35% escape of hot air 15% floors 15% A B C method of reducing energy loss fitting carpets on the floor insulating the roof fitting modern windows installation cost saving on energy costs in one year $600 $10 $300 Y X $20 number of years of saving needed to cover installation costs
2. Thermal physics  →  2.3.4. Consequences of thermal energy transfer
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.4.1. Uses of electricity
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11
Some atoms that undergo radioactive decay have a half-life of 6 hours. The count rate near a sample of these atoms is initially 838 counts/minute. Background radiation near the sample is 18 counts/minute. Describe the structure of an atom. It may help to draw a diagram. Explain what is meant by radioactive decay. State clearly which part of the atom decays. State what is meant by background radiation. The equipment is left undisturbed for 12 hours. Calculate the count rate due to the sample of atoms alone after this time. The table shows a radioactive series. Atom A emits a beta-particle and becomes atom B. Atom B then emits a particle to become atom C. Calculate the proton number X of atom B and explain how you calculated it. State the name of radiation Y and describe the changes that occur in the atom when this radiation is emitted. Using information from the table, explain why atoms A and C are not isotopes of the same element. atom A B C proton number (atomic number) nucleon number (mass number) radiation emitted beta-particle X Y none
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.3. Radioactive decay
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.5. Half-life
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.1. Detection of radioactivity
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