5054_s18_qp_22
A paper of Physics, 5054
Questions:
11
Year:
2018
Paper:
2
Variant:
2
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1
A student drops a small metal object into a cylinder of oil. The object falls alongside a vertical ruler and a camera records its position at 1.0 s intervals, as shown in . oil position of object when time t = 0 t = 1.0 s t = 2.0 s t = 3.0 s t = 4.0 s t = 5.0 s cm On the grid in , plot a distance-time graph for the object. time / s distance / cm The object has a constant speed for some of the time. State and explain how a distance-time graph shows that speed is constant. Explain, in terms of the forces acting on the object, how it is able to fall at a constant speed.
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion
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2
In an experiment, a student takes measurements and determines the extension of a spring for different loads. The apparatus is shown in . load spring scale The table in shows the results. load / N 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 length of spring / mm extension / mm Only some of the extensions are shown in the table. Complete the table to show all of the extensions. Calculate the load that produces an extension of 49 mm. load = The student pulls a load downwards from position A to position B and holds it fixed at position B, as shown in . A B The load is stationary at A and at B. The load has no kinetic energy at either point. Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show how the value of each of the forms of energy compares at A and B. equal at A and B larger at A larger at B energy stored in spring gravitational potential energy of load Work is done by the student to pull the load down. The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created and cannot be destroyed. Explain how this principle applies in this case.
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.1. Energy
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.3. Elastic deformation
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3
Equal volumes of metal, water and air are heated from 20 °C to 80 °C. State whether the metal, the water or the air expands the most. is a diagram of the metal at 20 °C. The metal is a large, square sheet with a square hole at its centre. The sheet lies flat on a table. hole On , draw the outline of the sheet and of the hole after the metal is heated. Make sure that the expansion is noticeable. The metal has a mass of 5.0 kg and a density of 7.5 × 103 kg / m3. Define density. Calculate the volume of the metal. Give your answer to a suitable number of significant figures. volume =
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.4. Density
2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.1. Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
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4
One form of latent heat is the thermal energy needed to melt a solid. Define specific latent heat. shows one method of measuring the thermal energy needed to melt ice. The ice is contained in a glass funnel and covered with an insulator. glass funnel insulator ice heater The heater is switched on and the ice melts. The specific latent heat of fusion of ice is 3.3 × 105 J / kg. Calculate the energy needed to melt 5.0 g of ice. energy = Before the heater is switched on, thermal energy from the room causes some of the ice to melt. Describe the process by which the ice gains thermal energy from the air.
2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.3. Melting, boiling and evaporation
2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.2. Specific heat capacity
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5
A microwave signal from a transmitter on the Earth’s surface is sent up to a satellite in orbit and is then immediately transmitted back to Earth. A pulse of microwaves from the transmitter is received back at the transmitter 0.24 s later. The speed of microwaves is 3.0 × 108 m / s. Calculate the distance from the transmitter on the Earth to the satellite. distance = The microwave signal is used in a telephone system that produces sound. Waves are described as longitudinal or transverse. Some waves are also electromagnetic. Place ticks (✓) in the table in to show whether microwaves and sound waves are longitudinal or transverse and to show whether they are electromagnetic. longitudinal transverse electromagnetic microwaves sound A longitudinal wave contains a compression. Describe what is meant by a compression.
3. Waves  →  3.1. General properties of waves
3. Waves  →  3.4. Sound
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6
A converging lens has a focal length of 3.0 cm. An object of height 2.0 cm is placed 5.0 cm from the centre of the lens. shows the arrangement of the object and the lens. object object lens 1 cm 1 cm (to scale) On , draw rays from the top of the object to show how the lens forms an image of the object. Mark the image clearly. The image is magnified. State one other feature of the image. Calculate the linear magnification produced by the lens in this case. magnification = State the name of one optical device that produces a magnified image as shown by .
3. Waves  →  3.2.3. Thin lenses
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7
A computer hard disk contains a layer of a magnetic material. Describe how a magnet is used to find out if a sample of material is magnetic or non-magnetic. Data is stored on the disk as a series of N-poles and S-poles. shows part of the hard disk. The thin layer of magnetic material contains small regions. Each region has an N-pole and an S-pole. Some magnetic field lines are shown on . S N S N S N S N S N coil region 1 region 2 magnetic field lines thin layer of magnetic material (not to scale) Region 2 causes a magnetic force on region 1. State the direction of the magnetic force on region 1 and explain why it acts. On , draw arrows on the field lines to show the direction of the magnetic field near the boundary between region 1 and region 2. The coil shown in is fixed in position. The layer of magnetic material passes quickly under the coil. A voltage is induced in the coil as some of the boundaries between the regions pass under the coil. 1. Explain why a voltage is induced in the coil. 2. Suggest why the coil must be close to the layer.
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.1. Simple magnetism and magnetic fields
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current
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8
A fuse is one form of protection in an electrical circuit. State two other forms of protection that are included in household electrical circuits. These may protect the consumer, the circuit or an electrical appliance. 1. 2. shows a fusebox connected to part of a lighting circuit in a house. fusebox fuse wire W State how shows that wire W is the live wire. On , mark with a letter s, the correct position for a switch that controls both lamps. The rating of the fuse in the lighting circuit is 5 A. Explain what this means.
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.4.2. Electrical safety
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9
Wind energy is a renewable energy source. A wind turbine and generator convert energy in the wind to electrical energy in a generator. shows some wind turbines. State what is meant by a renewable energy source. State the name of one other renewable energy source. Some methods of generating electricity cause much more global warming than wind energy. 1. State one method of generating electricity that causes a large amount of global warming. 2. Describe, in outline, how the method you have chosen causes a significant amount of global warming. During a 30 minute period, a mass of 4.2 × 107 kg of air enters the turbine with a speed of 15 m / s. Calculate the kinetic energy of the air that enters the turbine in 30 minutes. energy = The electrical power output of the generator connected to the turbine is 8.4 × 105 W. Calculate the electrical energy output from the turbine in 30 minutes. energy output = Calculate the efficiency of the turbine and generator in converting the kinetic energy of the air to electrical energy. efficiency = The generator contains a coil that rotates between the poles of a magnet. The coil rotates 50 times in one second and produces an alternating voltage output with a maximum value of 500 V. On the grid in , sketch a voltage−time graph showing the output voltage. 0.01 –500 voltage / V 0.02 0.03 time / s The output voltage from the generator is stepped up by a transformer. The electrical energy then passes along a transmission line to a distant house. Explain why 1. a high voltage is used for the transmission of electrical energy, 2. a transformer is used to connect the transmission line to the house.
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.4.1. Uses of electricity
1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.4. Efficiency
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10
A student connects a battery to two resistors. The circuit diagram is shown in . 10 Ω 40 Ω The potential difference (p.d.) across the 40 Ω resistor is 9.6 V. State what is meant by the potential difference across a resistor. Calculate the current in the 40 Ω resistor. current = Calculate the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the battery. e.m.f. = The student has three different voltmeters to measure the p.d. across the 40 Ω resistor. These are labelled 0–2 V, 0–20 V and 0–200 V. Each has a pointer that shows the p.d. on a scale. State and explain which of the three voltmeters is best to measure this p.d. Calculate the power P produced in the 10 Ω resistor. P = The student has available two 10 Ω resistors, with power ratings of 2 1P and 2P. Suggest why a resistor with a power rating of 2 1P is not suitable for the circuit in . The student adds a resistor R to the circuit, to make the circuit shown in . 10 Ω R Ω Complete the table in to show what happens as resistor R is connected. You should state whether each quantity increases, decreases or stays the same and give a brief explanation of why any change occurs. Calculations are not required. quantity increases, decreases or stays the same as resistor R is added brief explanation of why the change occurs current in 10 Ω resistor increases p.d. across 10 Ω resistor p.d. across 40 Ω resistor
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.3. Action and use of circuit components
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.3. Electromotive force and potential difference
4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.2. Series and parallel circuits
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11
A smoke detector contains a small radioactive source of americium-241. The source emits alpha-particles. In the space below, draw a diagram of an apparatus that can be used to show that the source emits alpha-particles. Describe how this apparatus is used. Explain how the results of the test show that the source emits alpha-particles. The smoke detector works because alpha-particles from the source ionise the air. Compare the relative ionising effects and penetrating powers of alpha-particles, beta-particles and gamma rays. ionising effects penetration effects Americium-241 has a half-life of 430 years. Radium-224 is another element that emits alpha-particles. It has a half-life of 3.6 days. Explain why americium-241 is more suitable as the radioactive source in a smoke detector than radium-224. A smoke detector contains 8.0 × 1011 atoms of americium-241. Calculate the time taken for the number of atoms of americium-241 to fall to 1.0 × 1011. time = When used correctly, the radioactive source in the smoke detector is less harmful than background radiation. State one harmful effect of background radiation. A radioactive source is picked up using a long-handled tool. Explain why this is safer than using a short-handled tool.
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.1. Detection of radioactivity
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.5. Half-life
5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.6. Safety precautions
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