---

---

1

The photomicrograph shows onion epidermis. Which term describes this onion epidermis?

1. Cells  →  1.2. Specialised cells, tissues and organs

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

Open

2

Identical pieces of potato are placed in sucrose solutions of different concentrations. After three hours, the mass of each potato piece is measured. Which graph shows the results of this experiment?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

Open

3

Which of these processes require energy from respiration?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

10. Respiration  →  10.1. Respiration

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

Open

4

Cubes of hard-boiled egg white are placed in test-tubes containing 5 cm3 of water. Other substances are added to each tube as shown...

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

13. Excretion  →  13.2. Urinary system

Open

5

Which signs show that a plant has been grown in a culture solution deficient in magnesium?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.3. Mineral nutrition

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

Open

6

The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis of a plant at increasing light intensities at two different carbon dioxide concentrations. The temperature is kept constant. 0.06 % carbon dioxide 0.03 % carbon dioxide Y Z X light intensity rate of photosynthesis What may be limiting the rate of photosynthesis at X, Y and Z?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

Open

7

The diagram shows a section through a leaf. Which cells have the functions shown...

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.1. Uptake and transport of water and ions

Open

8

The diagram shows a section of the small intestine in which partially digested food is being pushed along. longitudinal muscle circular muscle partially digested food direction of movement antagonistic muscles What is the state of the longitudinal muscles at 1and 2?

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

8. Human nutrition  →  8.3. Absorption and assimilation

Open

9

In which regions of the alimentary canal does amylase act?

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

8. Human nutrition  →  8.3. Absorption and assimilation

Open

10

Which substances are transported in xylem and in phloem?

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

Open

11

The table shows the recommended daily intake of energy and of iron for females at four different ages: 6 months, 5 years, 25 years and 75 years. Which shows the recommended daily intake for the 25 year old?

8. Human nutrition  →  8.1. Diet

Open

12

Five similar plants are placed in test-tubes as shown...

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

Open

13

The graph shows the pH of the saliva in the mouth after eating sugar. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 sugar eaten time / minutes alkaline acid neutral pH When are conditions in the mouth most likely to cause tooth decay?

Open

14

The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart. left ventricle What are the functions of the numbered blood vessels?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

Open

15

The diagram represents a blood capillary with an adjacent cell. The arrows represent the transfer of substances between the capillary and the cell. P Q R S tissue fluid tissue fluid capillary wall red blood cell blood plasma cell tissue fluid P Q R S Which arrows represent glucose, carbon dioxide and oxygen?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.4. Blood

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

Open

16

The graph shows changes in the air pressure within the lungs during one breathing cycle. stages in breathing cycle X air pressure in lung increase decrease pressure / kPa What causes the change in air pressure during stage X?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

11. Transport in humans  →  11.1. Circulatory system

Open

17

What do the cilia do in the bronchi of the lungs?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

Open

18

Fitness training increases the concentration of lactic acid that runners can build up in their muscles before pain stops them running. What is a consequence of this increase?

10. Respiration  →  10.3. Anaerobic respiration

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

Open

19

Which cannot be an example of excretion?

13. Excretion  →  13.1. Excretion

Open

20

Which structures are all involved in controlling human body temperature?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control

Open

21

The diagram shows a section through the brain and part of the spinal cord. P S R Q Which row correctly identifies the cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, medulla and pituitary gland?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system

Open

22

Which is not controlled directly by the nervous system?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.6. Blood glucose control

14. Coordination and control  →  14.3. Mammalian hormones

Open

23

The diagram shows a reflex arc in which a bee sting causes the arm to be moved quickly. bee P R Q If the relay neurone at Q is damaged, how will the transmission of nerve impulses in the reflex arc be affected?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system

Open

24

The diagram shows a person doing ‘pull ups’ on a horizontal bar. X Y In moving from the lower position X to the upper position Y, which muscles and joint movements occur?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

Open

25

Bacteria were grown on an agar plate, until the plate was covered with visible yellow bacterial colonies. Four discs containing equal amounts of different antibiotics were then placed on the agar plate. After two days, clear areas had formed around some of the discs, as shown...

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.2. Antibiotics

17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Selection

Open

26

The diagram shows the structure of a bacterium. In what way does this differ from a cell of a fungus?

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

Open

27

During the production of yoghurt and cheese, the pH of the mixture changes. What causes this change in pH?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH

Open

28

What would be an undesirable feature in an insecticide?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

Open

29

The diagram shows a food web in woodland. snakes toads locusts rats aphids snails green plants birds lizards beetles In this food web, the beetles are A carnivores. B decomposers. C herbivores. D producers.

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

Open

30

Which bacteria convert urea to ammonia?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.2. Nutrient cycles

13. Excretion  →  13.2. Urinary system

Open

31

Which control measure would not help to prevent the spread of malaria?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

Open

32

Why is it important to control the amount of nitrate fertiliser used on farm land?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.3. Mineral nutrition

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.2. Nutrient cycles

Open

33

The diagram shows a section through a flower. In which structures are haploid nuclei formed by reduction division?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.1. Nuclear division

Open

34

A germinating seed is soaked in blue dye, which becomes colourless in tissues that are actively respiring. What will be the appearance of the cotyledons, plumule and radicle?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

Open

35

After sexual intercourse, sperm can survive for 3 days in the uterus and oviducts. Ovulation can occur any time from day 13 to day 15 and an egg cell can live for 2 days after ovulation. How long is the longest possible fertile phase of the menstrual cycle?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

Open

36

The diagram shows how the blood of a human embryo flows close to the mother’s blood in the placenta. mother’s blood embryo’s blood X Y Which substances are present at X in higher concentrations than at Y?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

11. Transport in humans  →  11.4. Blood

Open

37

Which statement about human blood groups is correct?

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

Open

38

Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce human insulin. What is a possible danger of this procedure?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.2. Genetic modification

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

Open

39

Which statement about chromosomes is correct?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.1. Nuclear division

17. Inheritance  →  17.2. DNA

Open

40

In maize, one allele of a particular gene allows chlorophyll production while the other allele prevents this, giving plants with cream coloured leaves. Half the seeds from a cross between two green-leaved plants were sown in trays kept in the dark. The other half were sown in similar conditions except that they received light. The table gives the results obtained. numbers of seedlings kept in the dark kept in the light green leaves cream leaves green leaves cream leaves ?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

Open