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1

A human cheek cell and a spongy mesophyll cell from a leaf are examined under a microscope. Which structures are seen in both cells?

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

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2

Which process needs energy from respiration?

10. Respiration  →  10.1. Respiration

10. Respiration  →  10.2. Aerobic respiration

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3

The mass of a cube of fresh potato is found. It is then placed in a test-tube containing a dilute solution of sucrose. After an hour, its mass has increased. Which process has occurred and what has happened to the concentration of the sucrose in the solution in the test-tube?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

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4

The photomicrograph shows a transverse section of a leaf. Where does carbon dioxide enter the leaf?

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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5

Two test-tubes, P and Q, were set up each containing a solution of red hydrogen carbonate indicator. Hydrogen carbonate indicator turns yellow when the carbon dioxide concentration increases and turns purple if the carbon dioxide concentration decreases. An aquatic plant was placed into tubes P and Q. Tube P was uncovered, tube Q was covered with a black lightproof cover. The tubes were left in a warm room in sunlight for four hours. tube P tube Q green aquatic plant black lightproof cover What would be the colour of the hydrogen carbonate indicator in the two tubes after four hours?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

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6

Which graph shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

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7

The diagram shows part of a transverse section of a leaf. P Q R S Which cells conduct water into the leaf and which cells conduct sugars out of the leaf?

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.1. Uptake and transport of water and ions

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

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8

The diagram shows a bolus of food moving along the oesophagus. P Q R S direction of movement bolus of food Which row describes the condition of the muscles at P, Q, R and S?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

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9

The photomicrograph shows human blood. Which component cannot function effectively if a person’s diet lacks iron?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.4. Blood

1. Cells  →  1.2. Specialised cells, tissues and organs

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10

Which chemical elements are found in carbohydrates, fats and proteins?

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

8. Human nutrition  →  8.1. Diet

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11

The diagram shows two plant cells, X and Y, drawn to different scales. X Y Samples of the contents of X and Y were tested for nutrients. What results are expected?

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

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12

Which blood vessel carries absorbed food material from the small intestine to the liver?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

8. Human nutrition  →  8.3. Absorption and assimilation

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13

The diagram shows an experiment on amylase. Each beaker contains water at the temperature shown...

5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

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14

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans and in yeast?

10. Respiration  →  10.3. Anaerobic respiration

10. Respiration  →  10.1. Respiration

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15

The diagram shows the ribs and some of the muscles used in breathing. sternum vertebrae X Y diaphragm external intercostals lung breathing out Which muscles relax in moving from position X to position Y?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

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16

The diagram shows a section through part of a blood vessel. What could be the first organs found in the directions 1 and 2?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

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17

The diagram represents the heart and some major blood vessels. body lungs head Q R P S Which are possible blood pressures (in kPa) for the vessels shown...

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

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18

The diagram represents a kidney dialysis machine. blood to patient blood from patient Y X Z fresh dialysis fluid used dialysis fluid What are the parts labelled X, Y and Z?

13. Excretion  →  13.2. Urinary system

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

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19

What helps heat retention in the human body?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control

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20

The table shows the composition of inspired and expired air. inspired air % expired air % carbon dioxide 0.04 X oxygen nitrogen and inert gases 79.96 Y What are the likely percentages at X and Y?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

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21

The diagram shows the bones of the forelimb. Which labels show where the muscle that straightens the hinge joint is attached?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.2. Mammalian sense organs

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

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22

Foods can be made by treating milk in different ways. Bacteria are added. The milk is acidified. The milk proteins are coagulated. Which processes occur in both cheese and yoghurt production?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

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23

Two containers, X and Y, were filled with equal amounts of dough mixture for making bread. The mixture in Y had yeast in it. The containers were then left in a warm place for two hours. The diagram shows their appearance after this time. container X container Y dough mixture without yeast dough mixture with yeast Which substance produced by the yeast causes the difference between containers X and Y?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

10. Respiration  →  10.1. Respiration

10. Respiration  →  10.3. Anaerobic respiration

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24

Why is a producer so called?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

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25

The diagram shows a section through the eye. retina P Q R S Which pair of structures focus light rays onto the retina?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.2. Mammalian sense organs

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26

Which part of the central nervous system controls the body’s water balance?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control

14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system

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27

How does adrenaline affect glucose uptake by muscle cells and carbohydrate conversion by liver cells?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.6. Blood glucose control

14. Coordination and control  →  14.3. Mammalian hormones

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28

What is a major effect of nicotine in tobacco smoke?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

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29

The diagram shows four ecological pyramids. In a food chain, grass is eaten by cows. The cows have insects living on their skin. The insects are eaten by birds. Which is the pyramid of mass and which is the pyramid of numbers in this food chain?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

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30

Which row shows a disease and the organism that causes it?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

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31

What is not a result of changing the size of the holes in fishing nets?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.5. Conservation

17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Selection

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32

The diagram shows organisms in a habitat. P Q R S organisms on decaying leaves Which shows the feeding relationships of these organisms?

2. Classification  →  2.2. Features of organisms

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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33

Which conditions are necessary to activate enzymes when a seed germinates?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH

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34

A recessive homozygote is crossed with a heterozygote of the same gene. What will be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

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35

A child has blood group O. Which couple could be the parents of this child?

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

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36

Which process is used to produce insulin commercially?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.2. Genetic modification

14. Coordination and control  →  14.3. Mammalian hormones

14. Coordination and control  →  14.6. Blood glucose control

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37

New plants may be grown from groups of cells that are taken from other plants. The diagram shows part of plant X. From which structure will cell samples grow into new plants that are genetically identical to plant X?

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.1. Nuclear division

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

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38

What is a major advantage of feeding breast milk rather than milk made up from milk powder to a baby?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.3. Immunity

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

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39

On which date is a woman most likely to ovulate if the first day of menstrual loss was 1 February?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

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40

Two heterozygotes are crossed. Some of the offspring show the recessive characteristic. What is the probability that one of these offspring that shows the recessive characteristic is homozygous?

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

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