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1

The diagram shows a plant cell. The cell is stained with iodine solution. cell wall starch grain nucleus After staining with iodine solution, what are the colours of the cell wall and the starch grain?

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

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2

What describes the diffusion of molecules?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Active transport

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3

The diagram shows the concentration of magnesium ions in a healthy root hair cell of a plant and in the soil water surrounding it. concentration of magnesium ions 5 mmol per dm3 concentration of magnesium ions 3 mmol per dm3 For the plant to remain healthy, how will the magnesium ions move?

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.1. Uptake and transport of water and ions

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Active transport

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4

What is the enzyme that controls a reaction in which both the enzyme and the substrate can denature at high temperatures?

5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH

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5

Which part of a leaf contains cells, but with the fewest chloroplasts?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

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6

Which features of the mesophyll layer in a leaf aid rapid diffusion of carbon dioxide into the cells?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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7

A student grows seedlings in four different test-tubes. Tube W contains all the mineral ions needed for healthy plant growth. The other three tubes contain ● water ● all minerals except magnesium ions ● all minerals except nitrates. The diagram shows the appearance of these seedlings after two weeks. W healthy growth X little growth Y poor growth and yellow leaves Z hardly any growth What do tubes X, Y and Z contain?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.3. Mineral nutrition

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.1. Uptake and transport of water and ions

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8

Which digestive processes take place in the mouth cavity?

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

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9

What would be least likely to cause famine?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.3. Ecosystems and biodiversity

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems

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10

The health of a population’s teeth can be measured by finding the average number of decayed, missing or filled teeth per person. This is called the DMFT. The graph shows the DMFT for four countries in the years between 1980 and 1995. Australia and the USA have fluoride added to their water but Japan and Belgium do not. year DMFT key Japan Australia USA Belgium The following statements were made. The health of teeth has improved in all four countries. Japan showed the greatest improvement. Adding fluoride to the water causes the health of teeth to improve. Which statements are supported by the graph?

8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system

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11

The diagram shows cross-sections through the root and stem of the same plant. stem root T What is tissue T?

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.1. Uptake and transport of water and ions

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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12

The diagrams show a plant in a flask of water. It is left in the light at 16 °C for six hours. 326.75 g 321.75 g cotton wool layer of oil water balance 6 hours What explains the change in mass after six hours?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

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13

Which organ receives blood from two major vessels and all of this blood leaves it in a single major vessel?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

11. Transport in humans  →  11.1. Circulatory system

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14

In the human circulatory system, what causes the transfer of materials from the capillaries to the tissue fluid?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.4. Blood

11. Transport in humans  →  11.3. Blood vessels

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15

Which chamber of the heart would be the first to receive nicotine absorbed into the blood in the lungs of a cigarette smoker?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

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16

What is the composition of expired air?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

10. Respiration  →  10.2. Aerobic respiration

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17

What happens when we breathe out with force?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

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18

Which changes occur as a person exercises?

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

10. Respiration  →  10.3. Anaerobic respiration

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19

A person drinks a large amount of water. How does this affect the water potentials of the liquids in the renal arteries, the renal veins and the ureters?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

13. Excretion  →  13.2. Urinary system

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20

What are the responses to decreased body temperature?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control

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21

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.6. Blood glucose control

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22

Which row correctly describes the connections of the neurones in a reflex action?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system

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23

What does the hypothalamus control?

14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control

14. Coordination and control  →  14.3. Mammalian hormones

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24

The diagram shows the main muscles and bones of the arm. X What happens when muscle X contracts?

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange

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25

The graph shows the relative risk of lung cancer, according to the years of smoking and the number of cigarettes smoked each day. relative risk years of smoking 0-20 20-29 30-39 40-49 50+ over 20 cigarettes per day 10-19 cigarettes per day less than 10 cigarettes per day The following statements were made. The relative risk of lung cancer depends on the number of cigarettes smoked each day. The relative risk of lung cancer depends on the number of years of smoking. The relative risk of lung cancer depends on the tar content of the cigarettes smoked. Which statements are supported by the data in the graph?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart

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26

Foods can be made by treating milk in different ways. Bacteria are added. The milk is acidified. The milk proteins are coagulated. Which processes occur in both cheese and yoghurt production?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

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27

An ocean is polluted by an oil spill. What is least likely to speed up the rate of decomposition of oil by microorganisms?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.2. Nutrient cycles

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems

7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation

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28

The diagram shows a food chain. mahogany tree → caterpillar → songbird → hawk Which type of organism is present in the largest numbers in this food chain?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

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29

The diagram shows changes in the appearance of a leaf over a period of time, as it lies on the damp ground. Which type of organism is most likely to cause these changes?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems

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30

The diagram shows some stages in the nitrogen cycle. Which arrow represents the action of nitrogen-fixing bacteria?

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.2. Nutrient cycles

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31

Which method of malarial control is effective against both adult and larval forms of the mosquito?

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

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32

Which graph shows changes that occur in a river after being polluted by sewage?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis

19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems

12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease

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33

The diagram shows peas growing on the plant. P R Q What are the labelled structures?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function

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34

What passes down a pollen tube after pollination?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

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35

The diagram shows a developing fetus in the uterus. X What is the function of X?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

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36

Some signs of syphilis are listed. fever loss of appetite non healing skin ulcers skin rash small, painless sores swelling of lymph nodes What are the first signs of syphilis?

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37

In horses, red hair is dominant to brown. A breeder crosses a number of heterozygous red-haired horses. Approximately what percentage of the offspring will be red-haired?

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

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38

Which row in the table is correct?

16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance

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39

Which statement is correct?

17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Selection

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40

Bacteria can be genetically engineered to produce human insulin by adding a human insulin gene to the bacterial DNA. What is an advantage of this procedure?

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.2. Genetic modification

18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology

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