5090_s23_qp_22
A paper of Biology, 5090
Questions:
7
Year:
2023
Paper:
2
Variant:
2
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1
Table 1.1 lists three of the gases present in the atmosphere. Table 1.1 gas percentage oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen Complete Table 1.1 to state the percentage of each gas in the atmosphere. Some foods are packaged in a sealed container that contains a mixture of the same gases, with percentages that are different from those found in atmospheric air. shows a diagram of food packaged in this way. mixture of gases sealed container food This method of food packaging slows down decomposition of the food. Suggest how the percentage of one gas named in Table 1.1 is changed when used to package food in this way. Explain how this change will slow down decomposition of the food. Suggest two advantages of slowing down decomposition of packaged food.
9. Human gas exchange  →  9.1. Human gas exchange
8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system
7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation
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2
Describe physical digestion in humans and explain its importance. State the name of the chemical present in the stomach that kills many ingested bacteria. Bacteria that are not killed in the stomach may cause disease. State the term used to describe: • organisms that cause disease. • the type of immunity gained after infection by organisms that cause disease. Disease can be caused by viruses. Yellow fever is an example of a disease caused by a virus. Outline how a weakened form of the virus that causes yellow fever can be used to give a person long‑term immunity against the disease.
12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease
8. Human nutrition  →  8.2. Human digestive system
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3
The nervous system coordinates and regulates body functions. shows two diagrams, each showing parts of the nervous system in a human. diagram A diagram B Describe the parts of the nervous system shown in each diagram. diagram A diagram B shows the junction between two neurones. relay neurone sensory neurone vesicle containing neurotransmitter molecules not to scale Name the junction shown in . Draw an arrow on to show the direction that an impulse will travel. The distance between the two neurones shown in is 0.00003 mm. State this distance in units of μm. Space for working. μm Nicotine is a chemical found in cigarette smoke. A molecule of nicotine has a similar shape to a molecule of neurotransmitter. Suggest and explain the effect of nicotine at the junctions between neurones.
14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system
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4
Lake Washington in the United States of America is a large fresh water lake. Between 1941 and 1963 an increasing amount of untreated sewage polluted the lake. Suggest and explain the effect of this untreated sewage on the lake ecosystem. Between 1963 and 1968 new sewage treatment facilities were constructed. By 1968 the amount of untreated sewage entering Lake Washington was reduced to zero. shows how the transparency of water in the lake has changed over time. Water transparency is a measure of how far light travels through water. water transparency / m year Calculate the percentage increase in water transparency between 1957 and 1968. Space for working. % One species of fish that lives in Lake Washington is the Three Spined Stickleback. shows three different distribution patterns of armour plates on the skin of these fish. no armour plates armour plates low number of armour plates medium number of armour plates many armour plates Table 4.1 shows how the distribution patterns of armour plates on the skin of Three Spined Sticklebacks have changed over time. Table 4.1 year percentage of fish with each distribution low number of armour plates medium number of armour plates many armour plates Use data from Table 4.1 to describe how the distribution patterns of armour plates have changed over time. Armour plates on the skin of a Three Spined Stickleback protect it from predators. Describe how the process of natural selection may have caused these changes in the distribution of plates over time.
19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.4. Effects of humans on ecosystems
19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.5. Conservation
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis
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5
is a photomicrograph of the centre of a plant root. L J K Identify each of the tissues labelled J and K. J K State the term used to describe the group of tissues labelled L. State two ways in which the structure of a cell in tissue K will differ from a cell in tissue J. Outline the function of tissue J. Name the type of response shown by a plant root when it grows down into soil after the seed has germinated. Explain how this response shown by the plant root is necessary for the leaves to grow and to appear green.
1. Cells  →  1.1. Cell structure and function
15. Coordination and response in plants  →  15.1. Coordination and response in plants
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6
shows the pattern of results from an investigation into the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. light intensity / arbitrary units rate of photosynthesis / arbitrary units Describe and explain the pattern of results between a light intensity of 20 and 30 arbitrary units. The investigation was repeated with an increased concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Draw a curve on to show the pattern of results that would be expected from this second investigation. State the name of the product of photosynthesis that contains carbon atoms. Outline the uses made by a plant of named carbohydrates.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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7
DNA carries genetic information in the form of genes. The paragraph below describes the structure of a DNA molecule. Complete the paragraph by writing the most appropriate word or letter in each space. DNA contains the chemical elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and . Two strands of DNA coil together to form a double . Each strand is made up of a chain of . Bonds between pairs of bases hold the strands together. These bases always pair up in the same way: T with and with . Explain how genetic modification can be used to change the function of an enzyme so that it acts on a different substrate.
17. Inheritance  →  17.2. DNA
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