5090_w23_qp_22
A paper of Biology, 5090
Questions:
7
Year:
2023
Paper:
2
Variant:
2
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1
Cholera is caused by a type of organism that can be passed from one host to another. State the term used to describe a disease-causing organism the type of disease in which the disease-causing organism is passed from one host to another. The disease-causing organism that causes cholera is a bacterium. Complete Table 1.1 to list some of the structures present in a bacterial cell and the function of each structure. Table 1.1 structure function ribosomes small rings of DNA that carry genes controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell cell wall shows a photograph of the bacterium that causes cholera. Z magnification ×50 000 The length of the bacterium in the photograph is 100 mm. Use this value to calculate the actual length of the bacterium in micrometres (μm). Space for working. μm Use your knowledge of a type of specialised human cell to suggest the name of structure Z and to state its function. name function The binomial name of this type of bacterium is Vibrio cholerae. State the genus of this type of bacterium and one advantage of the binomial system of naming species. genus advantage Explain how the presence of bacteria of this type in a human causes diarrhoea, one of the symptoms of cholera.
12. Disease and immunity  →  12.1. Disease
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2
shows a reindeer. Reindeer live in areas of the Arctic where there are no trees. In some months of the year reindeer eat mostly grasses, ferns and mosses. Reindeer are eaten by wolves and brown bears. Construct a food web to show the flow of energy between organisms in this ecosystem. In other months of the year reindeer eat an alternative source of food. This alternative source of food contains a carbohydrate called lichenan. Reindeer are the only animals that are able to digest lichenan. List the chemical elements that make up a molecule of lichenan. State one advantage to reindeer of eating food that contains lichenan. Use your knowledge of how cell function is controlled to suggest why other animals are not able to digest lichenan.
19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.1. Energy flow
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4
shows a Siamese fighting fish that lives in fresh water. large colourful fin location of an organ that can be filled with atmospheric air shows the effect of changing pH on the solubility of oxygen in water. 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 pH of water percentage solubility of oxygen in water 8.0 8.5 9.0 shows the effect of changing temperature on the solubility of oxygen in water. temperature of water / °C oxygen solubility in water / mg per dm3 Siamese fighting fish live in shallow water that can range in pH from 6.9 to 8.2 and in temperature from 15 °C to 40 °C. Use the information in and to explain how the conditions in which these fish live may be challenging. All fish have gills that provide a gas exchange surface in water. Siamese fighting fish also have an organ that has similar features to those of a human lung. These fish swim to the surface of water to take air from the atmosphere into this organ. Explain the advantage to Siamese fighting fish of also having this organ. Siamese fighting fish have 42 chromosomes in each diploid cell. State each of the following. the named structure in each diploid cell that contains the chromosomes the type of nuclear division that produces gametes the number of chromosomes in each gamete of the Siamese fighting fish. The dramatic shape and colour of Siamese fighting fish are produced by selective breeding. Suggest how the process of selective breeding in Siamese fighting fish can be used to produce these desirable features.
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion and osmosis
19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.5. Conservation
16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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5
A student investigates the use of an enzyme in fruit juice production. The student carries out the following steps: • cuts one apple into small pieces • puts the same number of pieces into each of three beakers, A, B and C • adds 2 cm3 of a dilute enzyme solution to the apple in beakers A and B • adds 2 cm3 of distilled water to the apple in beaker C • places each beaker in a water-bath at a constant temperature for 30 minutes • filters the juice from each beaker into a separate measuring cylinder and records the volume of juice collected in each measuring cylinder. Identify the enzyme that the student should add to the apple in beakers A and B. Outline the reason why the student set up beaker C. The results of the student’s investigation are shown in Table 5.1. Table 5.1 beaker temperature of water-bath / °C volume of juice collected / cm3 A B C Use your knowledge of enzyme action to explain these results. Bacteria can be genetically modified to produce enzymes for use in biotechnology. State two reasons why bacteria are suitable for this purpose.
18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology
5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH
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7
Mangrove trees grow in forests that form an important coastal ecosystem. Mangrove forests have a high biodiversity, with many different animal species found in them. Describe what is meant by each of the following terms. ecosystem biodiversity species Like many forests around the world, mangrove forests are vulnerable to the effects of human activity. Explain how forests can be conserved as a sustainable resource.
19. Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment  →  19.3. Ecosystems and biodiversity
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