Identify two differences between a public IP address and a private IP address. Complete the table by identifying the most appropriate term for each description. Each term must be different. Description Term Receives data packets from a network and forwards them onto a similar network Manages access to a centralised resource Joins networks that use different sets of rules to transmit data Monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on set criteria

9608_s21_qp_11

THEORY

2021

Paper 1, Variant 1

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Computer A needs to access a web page. State how Computer A could access the web page without using a Domain Name Service (DNS). The following table shows four IPv6 addresses. State if each address is valid or invalid. IP address Valid or invalid 21E5:69AA:FFFF:1:E100:B691:1285:F56E ::255.255.255.255 59FB::1005:CC57:6571 56FE::2159:5BBC::6594 The following table shows four statements about either public or private IP addresses. Tick (3) one box in each row to indicate whether each statement refers to a public or a private IP address. Statement Public Private 192.168.2.1 is an example of this type of address Assigned by the Internet Service Provider (ISP) IP address cannot be duplicated in different networks Network Address Translation (NAT) is necessary to access the Internet directly One type of transmission media is copper cable. Give two additional types of transmission media.

9608_w18_qp_11

THEORY

2018

Paper 1, Variant 1

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A laptop on a home network connects to the Internet through a router. The laptop has an IP address. Give the reasons why the laptop has an IP address. The laptop’s IP address is private. Give the reasons why the laptop does not have a public IP address. The router has an IPv4 address. Give three differences between the format of an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address. A Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) is one example of a communication system that can be used to support the Internet. Identify and describe two other communication systems that can be used to support the Internet. System 1 Description System 2 Description A web page contains PHP code. Complete the following table by writing a description of the function of each line of PHP code. PHP code Description echo "Hello World"; $number1 = 22; $newValue = $_GET["number"]; print "Hello " . $name . ""; PHP is a server-side scripting language. Give an example of a client-side scripting language. The laptop includes a parity bit in each byte it transmits. Explain how parity checks protect the integrity of the data.

9608_w20_qp_13

THEORY

2020

Paper 1, Variant 3

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Gopal types the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) of a website into a web browser. The following sequence (1 to 5) describes the steps that take place. There are three missing statements. Gopal types into the web browser. DNS looks up the URL in table Three statements A, B and C are used to complete the sequence. A DNS finds corresponding IP address B Web browser sends URL to Domain Name Service (DNS) C DNS returns IP address to web browser Write one of the letters A to C in the appropriate rows (2, 4 and 5) to complete the sequence. Describe the purpose of an IP address. A telecommunications operator has installed fibre-optic cables in Gopal’s neighbourhood. Give three benefits of fibre-optic cable over copper cable. Give two drawbacks of fibre-optic cable over copper cable.

9608_w18_qp_12

THEORY

2018

Paper 1, Variant 2

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The table shows four statements about IP addresses. Tick (✓) to show which of the statements are true. Statement True (✓) The IP address consists of any number of digits separated by single dots (.) Each number in an IP address can range from 0 to 255 IP addresses are used to ensure that messages and data reach their correct destinations Public IP addresses are considered to be more secure than private IP addresses Consider the URL: http://cie.org.uk/computerscience.html Give the meaning of the following parts of the URL. http cie.org.uk computerscience.html Sometimes the URL contains the characters %20 and ?. Describe the function of these characters. %20 ?

9608_w15_qp_11

THEORY

2015

Paper 1, Variant 1

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The table shows four statements about IP addresses. Tick (✓) to show which of the statements are true. Statement True (✓) The IP address consists of any number of digits separated by single dots (.) Each number in an IP address can range from 0 to 255 IP addresses are used to ensure that messages and data reach their correct destinations Public IP addresses are considered to be more secure than private IP addresses Consider the URL: http://cie.org.uk/computerscience.html Give the meaning of the following parts of the URL. http cie.org.uk computerscience.html Sometimes the URL contains the characters %20 and ?. Describe the function of these characters. %20 ?

9608_w15_qp_13

THEORY

2015

Paper 1, Variant 3

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Joshua’s laptop is connected to the router on his home network. The laptop has a private IP address. The router has both public and private IP addresses. Explain the reasons why Joshua’s laptop has a private IP address only, but the router has both a private and a public IP address. Joshua visits a website by entering its Uniform Resource Locator (URL). Describe how the URL is converted into a matching IP address. Give one example of a valid IPv4 address.

9608_w20_qp_11

THEORY

2020

Paper 1, Variant 1

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A web server has a public IPv4 address. Draw lines to link each characteristic to its appropriate IP address. Can use hexadecimal notation Characteristic IP address Each group of digits is a number between 0 and 65535 IPv4 IPv6 Consists of four groups of digits Uses double colons (::) The total length of the address is 32 bits IP addresses can be static or dynamic. Explain the reasons for the web server using a static instead of a dynamic IP address.

9608_w20_qp_12

THEORY

2020

Paper 1, Variant 2

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A customer completes a booking form on a web page and clicks a submit button to submit the form. The following sequence (1 to 6) describes the steps that take place when the form is submitted. The form data is transmitted to the web server The HTML code is returned to the browser Write one of the letters A to D in each row (1, 3, 4 and 6) to complete the sequence. A The browser displays the web page B Server-side code is processed C Client-side code is processed D The web server produces the HTML code The web page 9608.html is accessed from the URL: https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/9608.html An employee of the company states, “A Domain Name and an IP address are exactly the same thing”. State whether this statement is true or false and justify your choice.

9608_s21_qp_13

THEORY

2021

Paper 1, Variant 3

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The design of a web-based application can require the use of client-side scripting. Describe what is meant by client-side scripting. A user requests a web page by keying the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) into the address bar of their web browser. The requested page contains a client-side script. Describe the sequence of steps leading to the display of the web page on the computer screen. A web page used for data capture consists of: • two text boxes for the entry of: • a product code • the number of items to be purchased. • a button which is clicked when the user wants to submit this order. Study the following web page. Untitled Document function myButton_onmousedown() { var Message1 = "ERROR – Order refused"; var Message2 = "Product code OK"; var x = document.forms["form1"]["txtProductCode"].value; if (x == "") { alert(Message1) } else { alert(Message2) } } Product code: Number: Submit order: The developer has used three variables in the JavaScript code. State the identifiers used. The button has an event whose identifier is onMouseDown. When the submit button is clicked, some code is executed. State the line numbers that contain this code. From line to line The JavaScript code uses a selection statement. State the line number that contains the condition. Line number: Describe the purpose of the validation check that the code performs. Name and describe two other types of validation check that could be appropriate for this data capture form. Validation check: Description Validation check: Description

9608_s17_qp_11

THEORY

2017

Paper 1, Variant 1

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