18.3. Conservation
A subsection of Biology, 9700, through 18. Classification, biodiversity and conservation
Listing 10 of 69 questions
The Visayan warty pig, Sus cebifrons, is found on two islands in the Philippines. shows a female Visayan warty pig with her young. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) is the world’s largest global environmental organisation. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ evaluates the conservation status of plant and animal species. The Visayan warty pig is categorised as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List, which means that it is nearly extinct in the wild. There are now only approximately 200 Visayan warty pigs in the Philippines. Visayan warty pigs live in areas of dense forest that may be close to human habitation. Suggest two reasons why the Visayan warty pig is critically endangered. Describe the role of zoos in the protection of the Visayan warty pig. Sometimes the Visayan warty pigs will breed with domestic pigs, Sus domesticus. Suggest the consequences of this interspecific breeding. Table 1.1 shows part of the classification of the Visayan warty pig. Complete Table 1.1. Table 1.1 taxonomic group name domain kingdom animalia phylum chordata mammalia order artiodactyla family suidae
9700_w18_qp_42
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Palm oil is a vegetable oil that is used very widely in food products. The oil is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. Oil palm trees have a higher oil yield than that of other oil-producing plants. shows the oil yield of four crop plants. crop plant oil palms olives sunflowers soya beans oil yield / kg ha–1 yr–1 Calculate how many hectares of soya bean plants would be needed to produce the same yield of oil as one hectare of oil palm trees. Show your working and write your answer to one decimal place. answer hectares Oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia have been created by cutting down rainforests. This reduces biodiversity. Outline reasons why it is important to maintain biodiversity. Palm oil companies are now being asked to produce palm oil in a sustainable way. This means that no more deforestation should take place. Suggest ways in which individual consumers can encourage manufacturers to use palm oil from sustainable sources.
9700_w20_qp_41
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Palm oil is a vegetable oil that is used very widely in food products. The oil is extracted from the fruit of the oil palm tree. Oil palm trees have a higher oil yield than that of other oil-producing plants. shows the oil yield of four crop plants. crop plant oil palms olives sunflowers soya beans oil yield / kg ha–1 yr–1 Calculate how many hectares of soya bean plants would be needed to produce the same yield of oil as one hectare of oil palm trees. Show your working and write your answer to one decimal place. answer hectares Oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia have been created by cutting down rainforests. This reduces biodiversity. Outline reasons why it is important to maintain biodiversity. Palm oil companies are now being asked to produce palm oil in a sustainable way. This means that no more deforestation should take place. Suggest ways in which individual consumers can encourage manufacturers to use palm oil from sustainable sources.
9700_w20_qp_43
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 3
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The flatback turtle, Natator depressus, is an endangered species that nests on northern Australian beaches. shows a flatback turtle. Each female lays approximately 50 eggs per nest, which is a smaller number than all other species of marine turtle. The eggs are buried in the sand and when the hatchlings emerge each has a mass of approximately 43 g. Unlike most marine turtles, flatback turtles spend most of their time in coastal waters. This is where they feed and mate. shows the numbers of female flatback turtles nesting on a beach in northern Australia between 1993 and 2002. 1993 1994 1996 1997 1999 2000 number of female turtles nesting year Calculate the mean rate of decrease in the numbers of females nesting between 1993 and 2002. Show all the steps in your calculation. Answer Suggest ways in which the flatback turtle could be protected.
9700_s10_qp_41
THEORY
2010
Paper 4, Variant 1
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The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes. shows a natterjack toad. Suggest what may have caused the natterjack toad to become an endangered species in the UK. shows the number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997 in one area of the UK. year number of toads Calculate the mean annual number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Show your working. answer The natterjack toad is heterotrophic. Explain what is meant by heterotrophic. Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic. 1. 2. Each year the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) publishes a list of endangered species called the Red List. The Red List has a very high proportion of vertebrates compared to invertebrates. Suggest one reason why the Red List has many more vertebrates than invertebrates.
9700_s11_qp_42
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 2
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The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes. shows a natterjack toad. Suggest what may have caused the natterjack toad to become an endangered species in the UK. shows the number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997 in one area of the UK. year number of toads Calculate the mean annual number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Show your working. answer The natterjack toad is heterotrophic. Explain what is meant by heterotrophic. Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic. 1. 2. Each year the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) publishes a list of endangered species called the Red List. The Red List has a very high proportion of vertebrates compared to invertebrates. Suggest one reason why the Red List has many more vertebrates than invertebrates.
9700_s11_qp_43
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 3
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shows a raccoon, Procyon lotor. This species is native to North America. Four individuals were released in Germany in 1934. There are now thought to be more than a million raccoons in Germany. Urban raccoons live in towns. Although they are nocturnal their large size means they may be noticed by humans. They may be found raiding bins containing food waste, or entering buildings. Describe a method for estimating the size of a raccoon population in a town. Raccoons are classified in the phylum Chordata of the kingdom Animalia. Name the domain to which raccoons belong. Outline three characteristic features of members of this domain. It has been suggested that raccoons may threaten biodiversity and pose a risk to human health in Germany. Explain how raccoons could cause problems for local biodiversity and for human health. local biodiversity human health
9700_s16_qp_42
THEORY
2016
Paper 4, Variant 2
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The Bengal Tiger, Panthera tigris tigris, is an endangered mammalian species of Southern Asia. It lives mostly in a forest habitat. shows a Bengal Tiger. Table 1.1 shows the relationship between available forest habitat and Bengal Tiger numbers between 1970 and 2010. Table 1.1 year forest habitat remaining compared to 1970 (%) Bengal Tiger numbers 37 000 27 000 12 000 3 600 1 400 Calculate the percentage decrease in the number of Bengal Tigers between 1970 and 2010. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. answer % Suggest methods to conserve the Bengal Tiger. The Bengal Tiger belongs to the kingdom Animalia. State two differences between members of the kingdom Animalia and the kingdom Plantae.
9700_w11_qp_43
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
69