18. Classification, biodiversity and conservation
A section of Biology, 9700
Listing 10 of 184 questions
Two species of animal are found in the same area of forest and grassland. In the spring and summer they eat the same plant food. However, in the autumn and winter one eats nuts in the forest and the other eats roots on the grassland. Both species are preyed upon by the same predator. Numbers of root-eating animals are reduced most by this, but they recover faster since they reproduce faster. What can be concluded about these two species of animals?
9700_s10_qp_12
MCQ
2010
Paper 1, Variant 2
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Two species of animal are found in the same area of forest and grassland. In the spring and summer they eat the same plant food. However, in the autumn and winter one eats nuts in the forest and the other eats roots on the grassland. Both species are preyed upon by the same predator. Numbers of root-eating animals are reduced most by this, but they recover faster since they reproduce faster. What can be concluded about these two species of animals?
9700_s10_qp_13
MCQ
2010
Paper 1, Variant 3
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Read the passage below. Parts of the passage are in bold type. These are examples of ecological terms and are labelled A to F. A class of students carried out an ecological study of a defined area of seashore (A) in Brittany, France. One group decided to study a rockpool (B) and recorded information such as the oxygen concentration and temperature of the seawater (C). After investigating all the different living organisms (D) present in the rockpool, the students decided to study in more detail the group of limpets, Patella vulgata (E). They collected information about the role of the limpets within the rockpool, including interactions with other organisms (F). For example, limpets grazed on green seaweeds, while the shore crab, Carcinus maenas, fed on small limpets. State the correct letter, A to F, from the passage above that corresponds to each of the ecological terms below. habitat ecosystem abiotic component ecological niche population community State the trophic levels to which each of the organisms named in the passage belong and outline the energy losses that occur in the food chain.
9700_s11_qp_22
THEORY
2011
Paper 2, Variant 2
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The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes. shows a natterjack toad. Suggest what may have caused the natterjack toad to become an endangered species in the UK. shows the number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997 in one area of the UK. year number of toads Calculate the mean annual number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Show your working. answer The natterjack toad is heterotrophic. Explain what is meant by heterotrophic. Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic. 1. 2. Each year the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) publishes a list of endangered species called the Red List. The Red List has a very high proportion of vertebrates compared to invertebrates. Suggest one reason why the Red List has many more vertebrates than invertebrates.
9700_s11_qp_42
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 2
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The natterjack toad, Bufo calamita, is an endangered amphibian species in the UK. It comes out of hibernation in April and breeds in pools by sand dunes along parts of the UK coast. A young natterjack toad will take about 10 weeks to develop from a fertilised egg. A natterjack toad feeds at night, by running at its prey, mainly insects and worms, on the sand dunes. shows a natterjack toad. Suggest what may have caused the natterjack toad to become an endangered species in the UK. shows the number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997 in one area of the UK. year number of toads Calculate the mean annual number of adult natterjack toads counted from 1989 to 1997. Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Show your working. answer The natterjack toad is heterotrophic. Explain what is meant by heterotrophic. Name two kingdoms that are exclusively heterotrophic. 1. 2. Each year the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) publishes a list of endangered species called the Red List. The Red List has a very high proportion of vertebrates compared to invertebrates. Suggest one reason why the Red List has many more vertebrates than invertebrates.
9700_s11_qp_43
THEORY
2011
Paper 4, Variant 3
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The greenish warbler, Phylloscopus trochiloides, is a species of small bird that originated in northern India, on the southern edge of the Himalayan mountain range. shows a greenish warbler. Thousands of years ago, populations of the greenish warbler spread around the western and eastern edges of the Himalayan mountain range to establish themselves in north-eastern Europe and Siberia. • A gradual change in characteristics occurred in these populations, leading to different forms of the greenish warbler. • One example of gradual change is in the song of the male warbler, which is very distinctive and is used in mating behaviour. • When greenish warblers from north-eastern Europe meet those from Siberia no mating takes place. • The greenish warblers from north-eastern Europe and Siberia are now considered to be two separate species. shows the spread of the greenish warbler. India Himalayan Mountains north-eastern Europe Siberia Explain what is meant by the term species. State the likely isolating mechanism taking place in populations of the greenish warbler. Explain how the process of speciation occurred in the greenish warbler populations.
9700_s12_qp_41
THEORY
2012
Paper 4, Variant 1
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The plant Rafflesia arnoldii, which grows in the jungles of South East Asia, is noted for producing the largest flower of all plants. • The flower is reddish-brown and can grow up to one metre in diameter. • The flower gives off a smell similar to rotting flesh to attract flies, which then pollinate it. shows a flower of R. arnoldii. R. arnoldii is classified as an endangered species. Suggest why R. arnoldii has become an endangered species. Explain the meaning of the term biodiversity. Suggest reasons for maintaining plant biodiversity.
9700_s12_qp_41
THEORY
2012
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Questions Discovered
184