8. Transport in mammals
A section of Biology, 9700
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A red blood cell goes through a number of stages in the bone marrow before it is released into the circulation to carry out its role of oxygen transport. is a transmission electron micrograph of developing red blood cells in the bone marrow. Each cell is known as an erythroblast. shows erythroblasts at a higher magnification than can be obtained using the light microscope. Explain the advantages of using an electron microscope to obtain images such as that in . Describe the differences between an erythroblast and a mature red blood cell. The maturing red blood cell synthesises haemoglobin and other proteins. Complete Table 3.1 to: • name three organelles (cell structures) that are involved in the synthesis of a fully functioning protein • state one way in which the named organelle is involved in protein synthesis. Table 3.1 organelle how the organelle is involved in protein synthesis shows a reversible reaction that takes place within red blood cells. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 Name the protein that catalyses the reaction shown in . The SPTB gene codes for a protein that provides stability and support to the cell surface membrane of the red blood cell. Mutations in SPTB result in red blood cells that are spherical in shape. This mutation leads to a disease known as spherocytosis type 2. Suggest why a person with spherocytosis type 2 has a reduced ability to take up oxygen in the pulmonary capillaries compared with a person who has normal red blood cells. Increases in the water potential of the blood plasma have greater effects on red blood cells in people with spherocytosis type 2 than on normal red blood cells. Compare and explain the effects of an increase in the water potential of blood plasma on spherocytosis type 2 red blood cells and normal red blood cells.
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THEORY
2019
Paper 2, Variant 2
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