1. Cell structure
A section of Biology, 9700
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There are two types of cell, prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Bacterial cells are prokaryotic and plant cells are eukaryotic. There are differences in the structural features that are common to bacterial cells and plant cells. For example, the cell surface membrane in a plant cell contains cholesterol, but in a bacterial cell the membrane contains molecules known as hopanoids. Cholesterol and hopanoids have the same function. Some of the main structural features common to both types of cell are shown in Table 1.1. Complete Table 1.1 by giving one difference between a bacterial cell and a plant cell for each structural feature listed. The difference between the cell surface membranes of the two types of cell has been completed for you. Table 1.1 feature common to bacterial and plant cells bacterial cell plant cell cell surface membrane contains hopanoids contains cholesterol ribosome DNA cell wall One role of the cell surface membrane of bacterial cells and plant cells is the transport of substances into and out of cells. Explain how membrane carrier proteins and membrane channel proteins are involved in the transport of substances into and out of cells. is a photomicrograph showing chloroplasts in plant leaf cells. chloroplasts Explain why the chloroplasts are seen only around the periphery of each plant cell. shows plant cells in a root tip where cell division by mitosis is taking place. Identify two cells in that are in different stages of mitosis. Draw a label line to each cell and add the name of the stage of mitosis that is shown by the cell.
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THEORY
2021
Paper 2, Variant 2
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