11.2. Fundamental particles
A subsection of Physics, 9702, through 11. Particle physics
Listing 10 of 62 questions
Nuclei X and Y are different isotopes of the same element. Nucleus X is unstable and emits a β+ particle to form nucleus Z. By comparing the number of protons in each nucleus, state and explain whether the charge of nucleus X is less than, the same as or greater than the charge of: nucleus Y nucleus Z. Hadrons can be divided into two groups , P and Q. Group P is baryons. State the name of group Q. Describe, in general terms, the quark structure of hadrons that belong to group Q.
9702_m23_qp_22
THEORY
2023
Paper 2, Variant 2
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A nucleus of an element X decays by emitting a β+ particle to produce a nucleus of potassium-39 (39 19K) and a neutrino. The decay is represented by Q SX 19K + P Rβ+ + 0 0ν. State the number represented by each of the following letters. P Q R S State the name of the interaction that gives rise to β+ decay. A hadron is composed of three identical quarks and has a charge of +2e, where e is the elementary charge. Determine a possible type of the quarks. Explain your working.
9702_s20_qp_22
THEORY
2020
Paper 2, Variant 2
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Nuclei of an isotope of samarium (Sm) each contain 62 protons and 85 neutrons. State the nuclide notation in the form A ZX for this isotope of samarium. This isotope of samarium is radioactive and decays by emitting particles. Gamma-radiation is not emitted. The energy spectrum of the emitted particles is shown in . number of particles kinetic energy of particle Explain how shows that this isotope of samarium emits α-particles and does not emit β-particles. This isotope of samarium decays to an isotope of neodymium (Nd). Give the radioactive decay equation for this decay. Include the nucleon and proton numbers of all the particles involved. A baryon is composed of three quarks which all have different flavours. The baryon has a charge of 0. Two of the quarks in the baryon are an up quark and a bottom quark. Determine, in terms of the elementary charge e, the charge on the third quark in the baryon. charge = e State a possible flavour for the third quark in the baryon.
9702_s24_qp_23
THEORY
2024
Paper 2, Variant 3
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A graph of nucleon number A against proton number Z is shown in . 20980 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 A Z P The graph shows a cross (labelled P) that represents a nucleus P. Nucleus P decays by emitting an α particle to form a nucleus Q. Nucleus Q then decays by emitting a β– particle to form a nucleus R. On , use a cross to represent nucleus Q (label this cross Q), nucleus R (label this cross R). State the name of the class of particles that includes the β– particle. The quark composition of one nucleon in Q is changed during the emission of the β– particle. Describe this change to the quark composition.
9702_s18_qp_23
THEORY
2018
Paper 2, Variant 3
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A proton in a nucleus decays to form a neutron and a β+ particle. State the name of another lepton that is produced in the decay. State the name of the interaction that gives rise to this decay. State which of the three particles (proton, neutron or β+ particle) has the largest ratio of charge to mass. Use the quark model to show that the charge on the proton is +e, where e is the elementary charge. The quark composition of the proton is changed during the decay. Describe the change to the quark composition. A nucleus X (12 6and a nucleus Y (16 8Y) are accelerated by the same uniform electric field. Determine the ratio electric force acting on nucleus X electric force acting on nucleus Y . ratio = Determine the ratio acceleration of nucleus X due to the field acceleration of nucleus Y due to the field . ratio = Nucleus X is at rest in the uniform electric field at time t = 0. The field causes nucleus X to accelerate so that it moves through the field. On , sketch the variation with time t of the acceleration a of nucleus X due to the field. a t
9702_s21_qp_21
THEORY
2021
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Questions Discovered
62