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13.1. Excretion in humans
A subsection of Biology, 0610, through 13. Excretion in humans
Listing 10 of 267 questions
shows a vertical section of a kidney. E F G Name the parts E, F and G. E F G For Examiner's Use Substances move into and out of cells in kidney tubules. shows four processes, H, J, K and L, that occur in cells lining the kidney tubule. The net movement of substance is shown by an arrow, in each case. H J outside the cells K L nucleus kidney tubule cell key high concentration low concentration Complete Table 3.1 by stating the letter, H, J, K or L, which identifies each of the processes. Give a reason for each answer. Table 3.1 process letter reason diffusion of oxygen active uptake of sodium ions For Examiner's Use Glucose is filtered from the blood. Usually all of it is reabsorbed by the kidney tubules so that there is none present in the urine. Name the part of the kidney where filtration occurs. Use to describe how kidney tubules reabsorb glucose from the filtrate. When plants are grown in a solution that includes a poison that prevents respiration, the roots continue to absorb water, but do not absorb many ions. Explain this result.
0610_w13_qp_33
THEORY
2013
Paper 3, Variant 3
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shows a section through a kidney. A B C Complete the table by stating the name of the parts labelled A, B and C on . letter name of part A B C Name the blood vessel in that has the highest concentration of urea. Name the blood vessel in that has the lowest concentration of glucose. Explain the role of the kidney in excretion. Testosterone is a steroid hormone that is also taken as a drug to improve sporting performance. Define the term hormone. State where testosterone is produced in the body. State why testosterone is taken by some people to improve sporting performance. The half-life of a drug is the time it takes for the concentration in the blood to decrease by a factor of a half. The half-life of one form of testosterone taken to improve sporting performance is 7 days. A person received an injection of this form of testosterone. A blood sample taken almost immediately showed its concentration to be 50 ng cm−3. Predict the concentration after 14 days, assuming the person does not have another injection, and show your working. ng cm−3
0610_w16_qp_42
THEORY
2016
Paper 4, Variant 2
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shows a kidney nephron and its associated blood vessels. A B C glomerulus key direction of flow of fluid A The compositions of fluids A, B and C were analysed. Table 3.1 shows the results for five components of the fluids. Table 3.1 component percentage concentration in fluid A percentage concentration in fluid B percentage concentration in fluid C water 90.00 90.00 94.00 glucose 0.10 0.10 0.00 protein 8.00 0.00 0.00 urea 0.03 0.03 2.00 ions 0.72 0.72 1.50 State the names of fluid A and fluid C in . A C Using the information in and Table 3.1, describe and explain the differences in the compositions of fluids A, B and C. Outline how blood glucose concentration is controlled. A gene mutation may be involved in the development of type 1 diabetes. Describe what is meant by a gene mutation. Outline the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
0610_w24_qp_42
THEORY
2024
Paper 4, Variant 2
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For Examiner's Use The liver is an organ with a large number of different functions. shows the liver, its blood supply and some other organs. The blood vessels are labelled P to R. liver aorta vena cava duodenum bile duct gall bladder R P Q from heart to heart A person eats a meal containing protein and carbohydrate. Complete Table 4.1 to show the blood vessel that has the highest concentration of glucose, oxygen and urea as this meal is absorbed. Use the letter, P, Q or R to identify each blood vessel. Table 4.1 substance transported by blood letter of blood vessel in glucose ……… oxygen ……… urea ……… Write the letters for the blood vessels with the highest concentration of each substance in the spaces on Table 4.1. For Examiner's Use Amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine and transported to the liver. Describe how the liver is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Describe the effects on the liver of the following. insulin released from the pancreas adrenaline released from the adrenal glands excessive long-term consumption of alcohol For Examiner's Use Cholesterol can accumulate in the gall bladder to form gall stones. These gall stones may stop bile flowing from the liver through the bile duct and into the duodenum. Explain the possible effect of gall stones on the digestion of fat.
0610_s12_qp_33
THEORY
2012
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
267