14. Coordination and response
A section of Biology, 0610
Listing 10 of 622 questions
Define the term sensitivity. Describe how voluntary actions differ from involuntary actions. Name the neurone that transmits impulses from a receptor. Reaction time is defined as the time taken to respond to a stimulus. During a swimming relay race, the reaction times of four swimmers in two teams, A and B, were recorded. In each team, swimmer 1 responded to the sound of the start gun; swimmers 2, 3 and 4 responded to seeing the previous swimmer touch the swimming pool wall. Table 3.1 shows the reaction times for the swimming relay teams. Table 3.1 swimmer reaction time / s team A team B 0.81 0.75 0.48 0.40 0.58 0.06 0.31 0.35 Compare the reaction time of swimmer 1 in each team with the reaction times of the other swimmers in each team. Use the information in Table 3.1 to support your answer. Adrenaline is often secreted during sporting competitions. Outline how adrenaline affects the performance of a swimmer.
0610_s14_qp_33
THEORY
2014
Paper 3, Variant 3
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This question is about neurones and reflex actions. Choose words from the list to complete the sentences. Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all. endocrine fast impulses motor nervous receptor sensory slow stimuli synapses Neurones are cells that are part of the system. There are three types of neurone involved in a simple reflex action: a sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a neurone. The nerves conduct electrical . These are transmitted from one neurone to the next at junctions called . A reflex action is automatic, co-ordinated and .
0610_s18_qp_31
THEORY
2018
Paper 3, Variant 1
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Complete the five sentences about the eye and the nervous system. Structures in the eye change the shape of the lens so that the eye can focus on near and distant objects. This is called . The radial and circular muscles in the iris of the eye are a pair of muscles that work against each other. Muscles in the eye are controlled by the nervous system. The nervous system contains only sensory and motor neurones. The nerve from the eye contains sensory neurones that conduct impulses to the . Transmission of impulses relies on the flow of ions through the cell membranes of neurones down their concentration gradients. Active transport is responsible for maintaining the concentration gradients of ions across the membranes of neurones. Explain how ions are moved across membranes by active transport. shows the junction between two neurones. presynaptic neurone postsynaptic neurone enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitter molecules A B Many drugs interfere with the action of neurotransmitters at the junctions between neurones. Two drugs that influence the transmission of impulses between neurones are atropine and eserine. The actions of these drugs are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 drug action at junctions between neurones atropine blocks receptor molecules for neurotransmitters eserine blocks the enzyme that breaks down neurotransmitters Explain the effects of these two drugs on the nervous system using the information in and Table 3.1. A scientific paper was published in 1997 that described the effects of anabolic steroids on female athletes. Many of these athletes achieved great success in international sport competitions during the 1960s and 1970s. Discuss the arguments against the use of anabolic steroids in sport.
0610_s19_qp_41
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 1
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