14. Coordination and response
A section of Biology, 0610
Listing 10 of 622 questions
Neurones are part of the nervous system. Neurones are connected to each other by synapses. Describe how the structure of a neurone is related to its function. The nervous system is made up of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. State the names of the organs that make up the central nervous system. Reflex actions allow the body to respond rapidly to changes in the external environment. Outline the pathway in a reflex arc in response to shining a bright light into the eye. Doctors sometimes check the reflexes of people who are unconscious. Suggest why reflexes occur in people who are unconscious. is a diagram of a synapse and parts of two neurones. E F G State the names of the labelled parts in . E F G Draw an arrow on to show the direction in which the signal travels across the synapse.
0610_s19_qp_42
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 2
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is a flow chart showing the pathway of a reflex action. stimulus sensory neurone motor neurone response Complete the missing parts of the reflex action pathway in . The box on the left contains the beginning of a sentence. The boxes on the right show some endings of sentences. Draw lines to make three correct sentences about reflex actions. are automatic. are slow. coordinate stimuli with responses. Reflex actions do not involve synapses. involve the central nervous system. occur only in plants.
0610_s20_qp_32
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 2
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shows part of the human nervous system. State the two parts of the central nervous system. Describe the main function of the nervous system. shows three different types of neurone. These cells are used in some reflex actions. H J K not to scale State the names of cells H and K in . H K Describe one feature of a reflex action. State one example of a reflex action. Certain types of drugs can affect the nervous system. Heroin and alcohol both affect reflex actions. State one effect of heroin on the nervous system. State one long-term effect of excessive consumption of alcohol.
0610_s21_qp_33
THEORY
2021
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Complete the sentence about the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord form the nervous system and the nerves coming into and out of the spinal cord are part of the nervous system. shows part of a human eye and three neurones that conduct electrical impulses between the eye and the brain. These neurones are involved in the pupil reflex. K J H G F E D A not to scale B C State the type of neurone identified as A in . Table 1.1 shows the names of some parts of the eye, their functions and the letters in that identify the parts of the eye. Complete Table 1.1. Table 1.1 part of the eye function letter in suspensory ligament G contracts in response to a bright light cornea contains a high density of cones for colour vision The eye can adjust how light is refracted through it in order to focus on a near object. State one process that uses energy when focusing on a near object. Mitochondria require oxygen to release energy. Oxygen is transported to cells in the eye by red blood cells. State the name of the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen. Explain how oxygen in the capillaries reaches the cells in the eye. Eyelashes and eyelids are mechanical barriers that help to prevent particles and pathogens entering the eye. Give two other mechanical barriers that defend the body against pathogens. State the name of the white blood cells that digest pathogens. Conjunctivitis can be caused by pathogens and affects the tissues lining the eyelids and covering the sclera. People with conjunctivitis that is caused by a pathogen can develop active immunity. Explain why the shape of specific parts of a pathogen is important in the development of active immunity. Most insects and some crustaceans have compound eyes. State the name of the group that contains insects and crustaceans.
0610_s21_qp_42
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 2
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