21. Biotechnology and genetic modification
A section of Biology, 0610
Listing 10 of 260 questions
Define the term genetic engineering. Outline why bacteria are useful in genetic engineering. Table 6.1 contains six statements about biological processes. Only two of these use genetic engineering. Identify these two processes. Place a tick in the box (✓) next to your choices. Table 6.1 statement uses genetic engineering producing fruit juice using pectinase introducing genes into crop plants to provide additional vitamins selective breeding to produce organisms with desirable features placing a section of DNA into bacteria to produce human insulin using yeast to produce ethanol using a contraceptive implant as a method of birth control Scientists have used genetic engineering to develop crop plants which are resistant to herbicides. Explain why farmers use herbicides. A field contains genetically modified crop plants which are resistant to herbicides. It also contains some weeds. The plants are sprayed with herbicides. State how the herbicide affects: the weeds the crop plants.
0610_s16_qp_32
THEORY
2016
Paper 3, Variant 2
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Genetic engineering can be used to improve crops. Explain the meaning of the term genetic engineering. shows part of a newspaper article about a new variety of maize. BUG-FREE MAIZE Farmers lose a lot of their crops to insect pests each year. They have to spray their crops with insecticide to kill the insect pests. Now, scientists have developed a new variety of maize called Bt maize that contains its own insecticide. Some kinds of bacteria make a natural insecticide called Bt. The scientists have taken the gene for this insecticide from the bacteria, and inserted it into maize plants. The new Bt maize contains a gene taken from bacteria. Define the term gene. Use the information in to suggest how the addition of this gene could increase the farmer’s maize crop. Maize plants are wind-pollinated. Describe what is meant by the term pollination. Fruit trees are pollinated by insects. Suggest why growing Bt maize near to apple trees might reduce the yield of the fruit crop. The development of Bt maize is one example of genetic engineering. State two other examples of genetic engineering.
0610_s16_qp_33
THEORY
2016
Paper 3, Variant 3
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The development of biological washing powders using enzymes from bacteria is an example of biotechnology. State two reasons why bacteria are useful in biotechnology, such as in the development of biological washing powders. shows part of a label taken from a packet of ‘5 Star Bio’ washing powder. 5 STAR BIO Biological Washing Powder Contains enzymes Wash at 30 °C Removes food stains Do not wash above 60 °C Only small quantities needed Use the information shown in to: explain how this washing powder removes food stains explain why the manufacturer recommends washing at 30 °C and not above 60 °C suggest why only small quantities of washing powder are needed to wash a large quantity of clothes. Name an enzyme that could be used to remove fat stains from clothing.
0610_s16_qp_33
THEORY
2016
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
260