7.1. Diet
A subsection of Biology, 0610, through 7. Human nutrition
Listing 10 of 121 questions
is a diagram of a molecule of fat. List the chemical elements present in fat. State the smaller units that fats are made from. Fats are an important part of a balanced diet. State the name of three other components of a balanced diet. Marmots and lynx are mammals that can live in a variety of environments. The percentage of fat in the bodies of these two species was measured. Measurements were taken from marmots and lynx living in Alaska and in Virginia. Alaska is a cold environment and Virginia is a warm environment. The results are shown in Table 1.1. Table 1.1 species percentage of fat in the body difference in the percentage of fat in the body in Alaska in Virginia marmot lynx Complete Table 1.1 by calculating the difference in the percentage of fat in the body for the lynx. Write your answer in Table 1.1. Describe the results shown in Table 1.1. Explain the difference in the percentage of fat in the body between the mammals living in Alaska and Virginia.
0610_w19_qp_31
THEORY
2019
Paper 3, Variant 1
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Carbohydrates are an important component of a balanced diet. The flow chart in shows some of the processes that happen to carbohydrates in food that is eaten. ingestion of large biological molecules chemical digestion absorption into the blood via the alimentary canal increase in blood glucose concentration assimilation in the liver Describe what happens to carbohydrates in the human body between ingestion and assimilation in the liver. Use the information in as a guide. Mineral salts are another important component of a balanced diet. State the importance of calcium ions and iron ions in a balanced diet. calcium ions iron ions Consuming too much of some mineral salts, such as sodium chloride, increases the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD). Doctors studied the effect of diet on the risk of developing CHD. The doctors first selected volunteers who had a high salt diet. The doctors assessed the volunteers’ overall risk of developing CHD and monitored their blood pressure. List two factors, other than diet and blood pressure, that the doctors considered when assessing the overall risk of the volunteers developing CHD. The doctors used urine tests to identify volunteers who had a high salt diet. Explain why urine tests are a good indicator of how much salt has been consumed. The volunteers were divided into two groups. The mass of salt consumed by both groups was changed every 4 weeks: • low salt intake for 4 weeks • medium salt intake for 4 weeks • high salt intake for 4 weeks. In addition, group 2 was given other changes to their diet but group 1 was not. Suggest one component of the diet of group 2, other than salt, that the doctors changed to further reduce the risk of developing CHD. The systolic blood pressure of the volunteers was measured every 4 weeks. These results are shown in . 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 average systolic blood pressure / kPa low medium salt intake high group 1 Key: group 2 Calculate the percentage increase in the average systolic blood pressure of the group 1 volunteers when they increased their salt intake from low to high. low salt intake kPa high salt intake kPa Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Space for working. % The doctors concluded that some diets reduce the risk of CHD. Give evidence from to support this conclusion.
0610_w19_qp_43
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 3
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The boxes on the left contain the names of components of the diet. The boxes on the right contain the functions of these components in the body. Draw one straight line to link each component of the diet to its correct function. Draw four lines. component of the diet function calcium ions fat protein vitamin D bone formation growth of muscles insulation shows the average percentage composition of some common foods. average percentage composition meat white fish wholemeal bread type of food Key: water beans green leafy vegetable fibre carbohydrate fat protein State the type of food in that contains the most fat. State one type of food in that does not contain fibre. Describe the importance of fibre in the diet. State one food that contains vitamin C. State one disease caused by a lack of vitamin C. Table 3.1 shows the energy used by an adult male over 24 hours. Table 3.1 activity energy used / kJ sleeping awake, but physically inactive awake and active Calculate the total energy used by the adult male in 24 hours. kJ Calculate the percentage of energy used by the adult male while sleeping. % State the name of the process that releases energy to maintain a constant body temperature while the adult male is sleeping.
0610_w20_qp_32
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 2
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It is important for humans to consume a balanced diet. Describe what is meant by the term balanced diet. Table 4.1 shows some of the different components of a balanced diet and their principal sources. Complete Table 4.1 using words from the list. Each word can only be used once or not at all. grapefruit milk olive oil rice tuna fish water Table 4.1 component example of principal source calcium carbohydrate protein vitamin C A diet that does not contain component X can cause constipation. State the name of component X. A person’s diet contains too much energy and too much fat. Describe the possible risks of this diet. State why a pregnant woman needs to eat more food than a woman who is not pregnant. Nutrition is one of the characteristics of living things. State the names of three other characteristics of living things.
0610_w21_qp_32
THEORY
2021
Paper 3, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
121