9.2. Heart
A subsection of Biology, 0610, through 9. Transport in animals
Listing 10 of 161 questions
For Examiner's Use shows a section through the heart. A B C Name the two blood vessels labelled A and B. A B Name valve C and state its function. name function For Examiner's Use shows the volume of oxygenated blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute when the body is at rest and during exercise. volume of blood pumped by left ventricle / dm3 per minute time period of exercise What is the maximum increase in the volume of blood pumped out of the left ventricle during exercise? Explain the advantages of this increased flow of blood during exercise. For Examiner's Use shows an external view of the heart. coronary artery X If the coronary artery becomes blocked at X, suggest what the effect would be on the heart. State two ways in which the risk of such a blockage could be reduced. 1. 2.
0610_w07_qp_2
THEORY
2007
Paper 2, Variant 0
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For Examiner's Use Table 4.1 shows some of the top ten causes of death in parts of the world during 2010. Table 4.1 cause of death percentage of the deaths of adult males percentage of the deaths of adult females cancer (lung, alimentary canal, breast, prostate and others) coronary heart disease stroke (blood clot in brain) shows the data for the adult males. cancers coronary heart disease stroke percentage of deaths males females males females males females Draw the bars for the adult females on . Calculate the percentage of males dying from causes other than those in Table 4.1. Show your working. % State the type of cancer, listed in Table 4.1, that occurs only in males. For Examiner's Use The lifestyles of people can affect their risk of dying from some diseases. Suggest three actions that humans could take to lower their risk of dying from coronary heart disease. In 2010 2% of adult male deaths were due to liver disease. Suggest one aspect of their life style that could have caused this.
0610_w13_qp_21
THEORY
2013
Paper 2, Variant 1
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A group of students investigated the effect of exercise on their heart rates. They measured their heart rates: • before exercise • immediately after running 1 km • one minute after running 1 km Before doing the investigation they wrote a hypothesis. Write a hypothesis for this investigation. The students measured their pulse as an indicator of heart rate. Describe how the students could measure their pulse. In another investigation, a doctor tested some of her patients to determine the effect of exercise on coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is caused by a blockage in the coronary artery. Describe the effect on the heart of a blockage in the coronary artery. The doctor divided her coronary heart disease patients randomly into two equal groups. Each group was given different instructions: • group A – patients were given a daily exercise plan • group B – patients were told to make their own exercise plan. The doctor measured the heart rate (HR) of each patient immediately after doing exercise and again one minute later. She calculated their heart rate recovery using this formula: heart rate recovery = HR immediately after exercise – HR one minute after exercise. She then calculated the average heart rate recovery for each of the two groups of patients. The doctor repeated these measurements after three months and after six months. The results are shown in . average heart rate recovery / beats per minute time / months high fitness medium fitness low fitness Key: group A group B Describe and explain the effect of exercise on the average heart rate recovery of the coronary heart disease patients in group A and group B. Use data from to support your answer. Exercise may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. State one other possible way of reducing the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
0610_w17_qp_43
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 3
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shows an angiogram of a heart before and after treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). An angiogram is an image of the blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart. before treatment after treatment The arrow on shows the position of a blockage in a blood vessel. State the name of the blocked blood vessel. The blockage is caused by a blood clot. Describe how a blood clot forms. State the name of a drug that can be used to treat coronary heart disease. Many health specialists think that the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by doing regular exercise. A long-term study of a large group of women was used to test this hypothesis. The women were between 35 and 45 years old at the start of the study. Every two years the same group of women were asked how much they were exercising. After 28 years the researchers analysed their data: • They calculated the average time spent exercising per week by each woman. • They put the women into categories determined by how much exercise they had done. • For each category, they calculated the number of women who died from coronary heart disease (CHD). The results are shown in . 0.0 0.0 0.1 – 2.0 4.1 – 10.0 2.1 – 4.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 exercise / hours per week number of CHD deaths per 10 000 women Calculate the percentage decrease in the number of CHD deaths per 10 000 women between those who did no exercise and those who exercised for 4.1 to 10.0 hours a week, using the data in . number of CHD deaths per 10 000 women who did no exercise number of CHD deaths per 10 000 women who did 4.1 to 10.0 hours per week of exercise Give your answer to the nearest whole number. Space for working. % Health professionals wanted to use the results of this study to encourage the whole population to take more exercise. Discuss the arguments for and against health professionals using this study in this way. Use the information about how the study was designed and the results in in your arguments. Exercise causes heart rate to increase. Explain why exercise causes an increase in heart rate.
0610_w19_qp_41
THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Questions Discovered
161