11.6. Alcohols
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 11. Organic chemistry
Listing 10 of 234 questions
The formula of ethanol is C2H6O. Draw the structure of ethanol to show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  Ethanol is a liquid at room temperature. Describe the motion and separation of the particles in ethanol. motion separation  Name the two products formed when ethanol undergoes complete combustion.  Ethanol can be manufactured by the fermentation of glucose. One condition is using enzymes in yeast. State two other conditions for fermentation.  Name the method used to separate the ethanol from the reaction mixture after fermentation is complete. Alcohols can also be manufactured from alkenes. Complete the word equation for the manufacture of ethanol by this method. + ethanol  
0620_w20_qp_33
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Ethanol can be manufactured by two different methods. Method 1: fermentation of a sugar, C6H12O6 C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Method 2: reaction of ethene with steam C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH Give one advantage of using fermentation compared with Method2. Give one disadvantage of using fermentation compared with Method2. Ethanol reacts with acidified potassiummanganate(to form water and a product that turns litmus red. State the name of the product that turns the litmus red. State the type of reaction that ethanol undergoes when it reacts with acidified potassiummanganate(. Ethanol reacts with methanoicacid to form an ester. Name the ester formed in this reaction. Draw the structure of the ester formed. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  The table shows the melting points of ethanol and sodiumchloride. substance melting point / °C ethanol –114 sodium chloride The difference in melting points is due to differences in attractive forces between particles in these substances. Name the type of attractive force in each substance, which is responsible for the difference in melting points. ethanol sodium chloride  
0620_w20_qp_41
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 1
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Ethanol, C2H5OH, belongs to the homologous series called alcohols. Write the general formula of alcohols. Explain why ethanol cannot be described as a hydrocarbon. Ethanol can be manufactured from different substances by reaction with steam or by fermentation. Give the formula of the substance which reacts with steam to form ethanol. Name a substance which will undergo fermentation to form ethanol. Ethanol is a fuel. Write the chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethanol. Ethane-1,2-diol has two alcohol functional groups. O C H H H C H H H O One molecule of ethane-1,2-diol will react with two molecules of ethanoic acid to form moleculeX. X has two ester functional groups and a molecular formula of C6H10O4. State the empirical formula of X. Draw the structure of X. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  Name the other substance formed in this reaction. Each alcohol functional group in ethane-1,2-diol reacts with acidified potassiummanganate(to form a different organic compound, Y. Name the functional groups formed in Y. Draw the structure of Y. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.  
0620_w21_qp_42
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Ethanol is a member of the homologous series of alcohols. Give two characteristics of members of a homologous series.  Ethanol can be manufactured from ethene. Ethene can be made from long chain hydrocarbons such as decane, C10H22. Ethene is then converted into ethanol. Name the process used to obtain ethene from long chain hydrocarbons such as decane, C10H22. Complete the chemical equation to show the formation of ethene from decane, C10H22. C10H22 → C4H8 + +  Write the chemical equation for the conversion of ethene into ethanol. Name the type of reaction occurring when ethene is converted into ethanol. Give one condition for the reaction in which ethene is converted into ethanol. Ethanol can also be produced by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose. Give two advantages of manufacturing ethanol by fermentation compared to manufacturing ethanol from ethene.  Under certain conditions ethene can react with chlorine to produce chloroethene. The structure of chloroethene is shown. C H H C H Cl The equation for the chemical reaction is shown. C2H4 + Cl 2 → C2H3Cl + HCl State the type of chemical reaction between ethene and chlorine that this equation shows. Chloroethene monomers can be converted into a polymer called poly. State the type of polymerisation that produces polyfrom chloroethene. Draw a section of the polymolecule made from two monomer molecules.  The structure of part of a polymer is shown. N C O N H H C O C O N H This polymer is made from one type of monomer only. Complete the diagram to show the structure of the monomer used to produce this polymer. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the functional groups.  
0620_w21_qp_43
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
234