2.4. Ions and ionic bonds
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 2. Atoms, elements and compounds
Listing 10 of 105 questions
The table below shows the properties of some non-metallic elements, A, B, C and D. element state at room temperature colour melting point / ºC electrical conductivity A solid black good B solid grey poor C gas green –101 does not conduct D solid yellow does not conduct Which two elements are giant covalent structures? Give a reason for your answer. Which element is carbon in the form of graphite? Give a reason for your answer. Which element is chlorine? When aqueous chlorine is added to aqueous potassium bromide, the solution turns orange. An aqueous solution of bromine and potassium chloride is formed. Describe and explain what happens when aqueous bromine is added to separate solutions of aqueous potassium chloride and aqueous potassium iodide. Chlorine is used in water treatment. Explain why. Complete the diagram below to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of chlorine. Cl Cl Chlorine reacts with indium, In, to form a chloride with the formula shown below. Cl Cl Cl Cl In Cl Cl In Give the molecular formula for this chloride. How many protons does indium have in its nucleus? Use the Periodic Table to help you.
0620_s15_qp_23
THEORY
2015
Paper 2, Variant 3
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The table shows the melting points, boiling points and electrical properties of fi ve substances, A to E. substance melting point / °C boiling point / °C electrical conductivity of solid electrical conductivity of liquid A –7 poor poor B good good C poor good D poor poor E poor poor Choose a substance from the table above to match each of the following descriptions. A substance may be used once, more than once or not at all. Justify each choice with evidence from the table. One has been completed as an example. This substance is covalent and is a solid at room temperature (25 °C). evidence This substance has a giant covalent structure. evidence This substance is a metal. evidence This substance is a liquid at room temperature (25 °C). evidence This substance is an ionic solid. evidence not conduct as a liquid, so it is covalent. Its melting point is above room temperature. It has a low melting point and it does D
0620_s15_qp_32
THEORY
2015
Paper 3, Variant 2
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The diagram shows part of the structures of sodiumbromide and sulfur. Na+ Br – Na+ Br – Br – Na+ Br – Na+ Na+ Br – Na+ Br – Br – Na+ Br – Na+ sodium bromide sulfur Describe both sodiumbromide and sulfur in terms of: ● ● bonding ● ● electrical conductivity ● ● solubility in water.  Sulfur is an element. What is meant by the term element ? Sodium can be extracted from sodiumbromide by electrolysis. Sodium is a metal in GroupI of the PeriodicTable. Describe one chemical property of sodium. Which two of these statements about the physical properties of sodium are correct? Tick two boxes. Sodium is very hard. Sodium has a high density. Sodium conducts electricity. Sodium is malleable. Sodium does not conduct heat.  
0620_s20_qp_31
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 1
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Sodium reacts with fluorine to form sodiumfluoride, NaF. Write a chemical equation for this reaction. Sodiumfluoride is an ionic compound. Complete the diagram to show the electron arrangement in the outer shells of the ions present in sodiumfluoride. Give the charges on both ions. Na F  Aqueous sodiumfluoride undergoes electrolysis. State what is meant by the term electrolysis. Name the products formed at the positive electrode and the negative electrode when dilute aqueous sodiumfluoride undergoes electrolysis. anode cathode  Molten sodiumfluoride undergoes electrolysis. Name the products formed at the positive electrode and the negative electrode when molten sodiumfluoride undergoes electrolysis. anode cathode  Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode . Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of fluorine, F2. Show the outer electrons only. F F  The melting points and boiling points of fluorine and sodiumfluoride are shown. melting point / °C boiling point / °C fluorine –220 –188 sodium fluoride Deduce the physical state of fluorine at –195 °C. Use the data in the table to explain your answer. physical state explanation  Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why sodiumfluoride has a much higher melting point than fluorine. Your answer should refer to the: ● types of particle held together by the forces of attraction ● types of forces of attraction between particles ● relative strength of the forces of attraction. 
0620_s21_qp_43
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Questions Discovered
105