6.2. Rate of reaction
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 6. Chemical reactions
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Sulfur forms two chlorides, P and Q. Chloride P has the formula S2Cl 2. Chloride Q has the formula SCl 2. Both chlorides are covalently bonded and have low melting points. Suggest, in terms of attraction between particles, why these chlorides have low melting points. Chloride P, S2Cl 2, forms when sulfur reacts with chlorine. Write the symbol equation for this reaction. Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in of a molecule of chloride Q, SCl 2. Show outer electrons only. Cl S Cl Chloride P is converted to chloride Q by reaction with chlorine in a closed system. The reversible reaction reaches an equilibrium. S2Cl 2+ Cl 22SCl 2P Q The forward reaction is exothermic. Suggest two changes to the conditions which will result in a decrease in the concentration of chloride Q at equilibrium. The rate of the forward reaction in is determined by collision theory. The rate of reaction depends upon two factors: ● the frequency of collisions between particles ● the proportion of collisions which have energy greater than or equal to the activation energy. Define the term activation energy. Give the symbol for activation energy. Complete Table 3.1 to show the effect, if any, when the conditions are changed. Use only the words increases, decreases or no change. Table 3.1 change to conditions effect on the frequency of collisions between particles effect on the proportion of collisions which have energy greater than or equal to the activation energy concentration of chlorine is increased temperature is increased a catalyst is added The reaction of chloride P with chlorine is a redox reaction. S2Cl 2+ Cl 22SCl 2P Q The oxidation number of Cl in chloride P and chloride Q is –1. Use oxidation numbers to explain why: ● sulfur is oxidised in the forward reaction ● chlorine is oxidised in the reverse reaction.
0620_w24_qp_42
THEORY
2024
Paper 4, Variant 2
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