8.4. Transition elements
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 8. The Periodic Table
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This question is about metals and compounds of metals. Identify two correct statements about transition elements. Tick two boxes. All transition elements are metals which are brown in colour. Transition elements have high densities. Compounds of transition elements are white in colour. Transition elements have high melting points. Transition elements are found between Groups IV and V of the Periodic Table.  The table compares the ease of reduction of some metal oxides with carbon. metal oxide ease of reduction with carbon cobalt(oxide reduced at 450 °C copper(oxide reduced below 450 °C magnesium oxide reduced above 1400 °C manganese(oxide reduced at 1400 °C Put the four metals in order of their reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first. least reactive most reactive  Crystals of copper(sulfate, CuSO4•5H2O, can be prepared by heating excess copper(oxide powder with dilute sulfuricacid. Describe how to prepare a sample of pure dry copper(sulfate crystals after the reaction is complete. In your answer describe how to: ● ● remove the excess copper(oxide from the reaction mixture ● ● crystallise the copper(sulfate ● ● dry the crystals. Identify the word that best describes copper(sulfate. Draw a circle around the correct answer. acid halogen polymer salt A few drops of water are added to a sample of solid anhydrous copper(sulfate, CuSO4. The reaction is reversible. CuSO4 + 5H2O CuSO4•5H2O Draw in the box, the sign for a reversible reaction. State the colour change observed when water is added to anhydrous copper(sulfate. from to 
0620_w20_qp_31
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 1
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Iron is a transition element. Potassium is a GroupI element. Iron and potassium have the same type of bonding. Name and describe the type of bonding in these two elements. name description  Transition elements and GroupI elements have some similar physical properties. They can both: ● be hammered into a shape ● conduct electricity ● be stretched into wires. Name the term used to describe the ability of elements to be hammered into a shape. Describe what happens to the particles in iron when it is hammered into a shape. Suggest why copper, rather than other transition elements, is used for wires which conduct electricity. Transition elements are harder and stronger than GroupI elements. Describe how two other physical properties of transition elements are different from those of GroupI elements.  Chemical properties of some GroupI elements are shown in the table. element reaction with cold water reaction with oxygen flame test colour lithium ● steadily effervesces ● forms a colourless solution very slowly forms an oxide layer red sodium ● strongly effervesces ● forms a colourless solution slowly forms an oxide layer potassium ● very strongly effervesces ● forms a colourless solution quickly forms an oxide layer rubidium ruby red Add to the table: ● the flame test colours for sodium and potassium ● the predicted reactions of rubidium with water and with oxygen.  Name the gas produced when GroupI elements react with water. Name the solution formed when potassium reacts with water. Predict the pH of the colourless solution formed when potassium reacts with water. Write the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with oxygen. Iron is a typical transition element. It is the catalyst used in the Haber process. Write the equation for the reaction that occurs in the Haber process. State the temperature and pressure used in the Haber process. Include units. temperature pressure  
0620_w21_qp_42
THEORY
2021
Paper 4, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
105