9.4. Reactivity series
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 9. Metals
Listing 10 of 452 questions
The diagram below shows the apparatus used to electroplate a spoon with silver. rod of pure silver iron spoon aqueous silver nitrate + – battery Which is the anode? Put a ring around the correct answer in the list below. aqueous silver nitrate battery iron spoon rod of pure silver Describe what happens to the silver rod and the iron spoon during electroplating. silver rod iron spoon Why are metal objects electroplated? During the electroplating, silver atoms are converted to silver ions. Which one of the following statements about this reaction is correct? Tick one box. Silver atoms gain electrons. Silver atoms lose neutrons. Silver atoms lose electrons. Silver atoms gain protons. A student is given a slightly alkaline solution which contains chloride ions. Describe how the student could use aqueous silver nitrate to show that chloride ions are present in the solution. Silver is a shiny metallic solid with a high melting point and boiling point. Describe two other physical properties of silver.
0620_w12_qp_23
THEORY
2012
Paper 2, Variant 3
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For each of the following, select an element from Period 4, potassium to krypton, which matches the description. A metal that reacts rapidly with cold water to form a compound of the type M(OH)2 and hydrogen. Its only oxidation state is 0. It has a macromolecular oxide, XO2, which has similar physical properties to those of diamond. This is one of the metals alloyed with iron in stainless steel. It can be reduced to an ion of the type X–. It can form a covalent hydride having the formula H2X. Its soluble salts are blue and its oxide is black. It is a liquid at room temperature.
0620_w12_qp_33
THEORY
2012
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Hydrogen chloride is an acidic gas. Complete the dot and cross diagram to show the electronic structure of hydrogen chloride. H Cl Is hydrogen chloride a covalent or an ionic compound? Give a reason for your answer. Hydrogen chloride reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid. Which one of the following is the most likely pH of hydrochloric acid? Put a ring around the correct answer. pH 2 pH 7 pH 9 pH 14 Hydrochloric acid reacts with both metal oxides and carbonates. Complete the word equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid with calcium carbonate. hydrochloric + calcium → + + acid carbonate Complete the symbol equation for the reaction of magnesium oxide with hydrochloric acid. Name the salt which is formed. MgO + HCl → MgCl 2 + H2O name of salt A student reacted magnesium with hydrochloric acid to fi nd out how concentration affects the rate of reaction. The magnesium was in excess. He measured the volume of hydrogen produced at various time intervals. The graph shows his results. volume of hydrogen / cm3 time / seconds At what time had the reaction just fi nished? What volume of hydrogen gas is given off during the fi rst 50 seconds of the reaction? volume of hydrogen cm3 The student repeated the experiment. State two factors, apart from the concentration of hydrochloric acid, that should be kept constant when repeating the experiment. 1. 2.
0620_w13_qp_21
THEORY
2013
Paper 2, Variant 1
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The table shows some properties of seven different substances. substance density / g per cm3 relative strength relative electrical conductivity relative thermal conductivity aluminium 2.7 200.0 ceramic 2.5 does not conduct 1.6 copper 8.9 385.0 iron 7.9 80.0 lead 11.4 38.0 poly0.9 does not conduct 0.3 steel 7.8 25.0 Use the information in this table to answer the following questions. Which substance is the best conductor of heat? Suggest why copper is preferred to iron for electrical wiring in houses. What property of ceramic makes it a good electrical insulator? Which pure metal in the table conducts electricity least well? Suggest why steel rather than iron is used in making machinery. Which metal in the table is the most dense? A solution of a metal salt reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form a white precipitate. The white precipitate is soluble in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide. Which one of the following ions is most likely to be present in the salt? Put a ring around the correct answer. calcium copper(iron(zinc State the name of the white precipitate. Copper(chloride can be made by the action of hydrochloric acid on copper(oxide. Put the statements, A, B, C and D, about this preparation in the correct order. A Leave the saturated solution to crystallise. B Filter the solution to remove excess copper(oxide. C Add excess copper(oxide to hydrochloric acid and warm. D Evaporate the fi ltrate to the crystallisation point. The structure of copper(chloride is shown below. Cu2+ Cu2+ Cu2+ Cu2+ Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Cu2+ Cu2+ Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Cl – Write the simplest formula for copper(chloride. Suggest the product formed at each electrode when molten copper(chloride is electrolysed. at the positive electrode at the negative electrode When copper(chloride is heated strongly, a gas is given off. The gas is green in colour and bleaches litmus paper. State the name of this gas.
0620_w13_qp_21
THEORY
2013
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Zirconium (Zr) is a metal in Period 5. Its main oxidation state is +4. The following are all zirconium atoms: 90Zr , 91Zr and 92Zr . In terms of numbers of electrons, neutrons and protons, how are these three atoms the same and how are they different? They are the same because They are different because Containers for fuel rods in nuclear reactors are made of zirconium. Nuclear reactors are used to produce energy and to make radioactive isotopes. Which isotope of a different element is used as a fuel in nuclear reactors? State one medical and one industrial use of radioactive isotopes. Above 900 °C, zirconium reacts with water to form zirconium(oxide, ZrO2, and hydrogen. Write an equation for this reaction. In a nuclear accident, water may come in contact with very hot zirconium. Explain why the presence of hydrogen inside the reactor greatly increases the danger of the accident. It is possible to determine whether zirconium(oxide is acidic, neutral, basic or amphoteric using an acid and an alkali. Complete the table of possible results. If the oxide is predicted to react write ‘R’, if it is predicted not to react write ‘NR’. if the oxide is predicted result with hydrochloric acid predicted result with aqueous sodium hydroxide acidic neutral basic amphoteric
0620_w13_qp_33
THEORY
2013
Paper 3, Variant 3
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Hydrogen chloride gas can be prepared by the action of concentrated sulfuric acid on sodium chloride. H2SO4 + 2NaCl → Na2SO4 + 2HCl Write the word equation for this reaction. Hydrogen chloride dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid. Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of the outer shell electrons in water. O H H Describe what you would observe when a few drops of silver nitrate solution are added to hydrochloric acid. The graph below shows how pH changes when aqueous ammonia is neutralised by hydrochloric acid. volume of hydrochloric acid added / cm3 pH What is the pH of the aqueous ammonia at the start of the experiment? What volume of hydrochloric acid has been added when the pH is 10? What volume of hydrochloric acid has been added when the pH is changing most quickly? Concentrated hydrochloric acid reduces manganese(oxide, MnO2, to manganese(chloride. 4HCl + MnO2 → MnCl 2 + Cl 2 + 2H2O How does this equation show that manganese(oxide gets reduced? The table shows some properties of four metals, A, B, C and D, and their oxides. metal density in g / cm3 boiling point / °C colour of oxide charge on the metal ion A 2.99 white 3+ B 0.53 white 1+ C 7.86 black or red-brown 2+ or 3+ D 7.14 white 2+ Which one of these metals is a transition metal? Use the information in the table to explain your answer.
0620_w14_qp_22
THEORY
2014
Paper 2, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
452