9.4. Reactivity series
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 9. Metals
Listing 10 of 452 questions
This question is about metals. Many metals have high melting points and boiling points. State three other typical physical properties of metals. Complete Table 6.1 to show the number of electrons, neutrons and protons in the sodium atom and silver ion shown. Table 6.1 number of electrons number of neutrons number of protons 23Na 109Ag+ Write the electronic configuration of the sodium atom. Silver is a transition element. Sodium is in Group I of the Periodic Table. State one difference in the physical properties of silver and sodium. Table 6.2 shows the observations when four different metals are heated in oxygen. Table 6.2 metal observations when heated in oxygen cerium burns rapidly and forms an oxide copper forms an oxide layer very slowly and does not burn lanthanum forms an oxide layer rapidly and does not burn silver does not form an oxide layer and does not burn Put the four metals in order of their reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first. least reactive most reactive Copper(oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide. CuO + CO → Cu + CO2 Explain how this equation shows that copper(oxide is reduced.
0620_w24_qp_32
THEORY
2024
Paper 3, Variant 2
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This question is about acids, bases and salts. Crystals of zinc chloride can be made by warming excess solid zinc oxide with dilute hydrochloric acid. ZnO+ 2HCl → ZnCl 2+ H2O( ) Complete the symbol equation by adding the state symbol for water at room temperature. State the method used to separate the excess solid zinc oxide from the reaction mixture. Describe how to make dry crystals of zinc chloride from an aqueous solution of zinc chloride. Choose from the list the ion that is present in all acids. Draw a circle around your chosen answer. Cl – H+ O2– OH– The reaction of zinc oxide with hydrochloric acid is exothermic. Define the term exothermic. shows the incomplete reaction pathway diagram for the reaction of zinc oxide with hydrochloric acid. energy progress of reaction Complete by writing these formulae on the diagram: ● ZnO + 2HCl ● ZnCl 2 + H2O. Explain how shows that the reaction is exothermic. Litmus is an acid–base indicator. State the colour of litmus at pH 2 and at pH 12. colour at pH 2 colour at pH 12
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THEORY
2024
Paper 3, Variant 3
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This question is about compounds of tin. Tin(oxide has the formula SnO2. The relative formula mass, Mr, of SnO2 is 151. Calculate the percentage by mass of tin in SnO2. percentage by mass of tin in SnO2 = % SnO2 is an amphoteric oxide. SnO2 reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, to form a sodium salt and water only. The sodium salt contains a negative ion with the formula SnO3 2–. State the meaning of the term amphoteric. Write the symbol equation for the reaction between SnO2 and NaOH. Tin is a metal that forms both covalent and ionic compounds. Suggest why this is unusual for a metal. Tin(chloride, SnCl 4, is covalently bonded. A tin atom has four electrons in its outer shell. Complete the dot-and-cross diagram in for a molecule of SnCl 4. Show the outer shell electrons only. Sn Cl Cl Cl Cl Tin(oxide, SnO, is ionically bonded. The melting points of SnCl 4 and SnO are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 melting point / °C SnCl 4 –33 SnO Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why SnCl 4 has a much lower melting point than SnO. Part of the reactivity series is shown. magnesium most reactive tin aluminium copper least reactive When aluminium foil is added to aqueous tin(sulfate, a reaction does not occur even though aluminium is above tin in the reactivity series. Explain why a reaction does not occur. An aqueous solution of tin(sulfate contains Sn2+ ions. Two experiments are carried out. Experiment 1 Copper is added to aqueous tin(sulfate. Experiment 2 Magnesium is added to aqueous tin(sulfate. Write an ionic equation for any reaction that occurs in each experiment. If no reaction occurs, write ‘no reaction’. Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Hydrated tin(nitrate, Sn(NO3)2•20H2O, decomposes when it is heated. State what is meant by the term hydrated. Complete the equation for the decomposition of Sn(NO3)2•20H2O. 2Sn(NO3)2•20H2O → SnO + NO2 + O2 + H2O
0620_w24_qp_43
THEORY
2024
Paper 4, Variant 3
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