9.6. Extraction of metals
A subsection of Chemistry, 0620, through 9. Metals
Listing 10 of 311 questions
This question is about iron. Three of the raw materials added to a blast furnace used to extract iron from hematite are coke, hematite and limestone. Name one other raw material added to the blast furnace. A series of reactions occurs in a blast furnace during the extraction of iron from hematite. Describe these reactions. Include: ● ● one chemical equation for the reduction of hematite ● ● one chemical equation for the formation of slag. The iron extracted from hematite using a blast furnace is impure. Identify the main impurity in this iron and explain how it is removed in the steel‑making process. main impurity how it is removed  
0620_s18_qp_41
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 1
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29Al is a radioactive isotope of aluminium. The only non‑radioactive isotope of aluminium is 27Al. Describe, in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons, how the isotopes 29Al and 27Al are similar and how they are different. how they are similar how they are different Complete the table to show the number of nucleons, neutrons and electrons in an 13Al 3+ ion. number in 13Al 3+ nucleons neutrons electrons Aluminium is extracted from its ore by electrolysis. Name the main ore of aluminium. Why is aluminium not extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon? The main ore of aluminium contains aluminium oxide. Aluminium oxide is dissolved in molten cryolite before it is electrolysed. Give two reasons, other than cost, why cryolite is used.  The reaction at the anode during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis is shown. 2O2– O2 + 4e– Is this process oxidation or reduction? Give a reason for your answer. During the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis, carbon dioxide is formed at the anode. Explain how carbon dioxide is formed at the anode. When a piece of zinc metal is added to copper(sulfate solution there is an immediate reaction. Zn + CuSO4 ZnSO4 + Cu When a piece of aluminium metal is added to copper(sulfate solution the initial reaction is very slow. Explain why zinc metal reacts with copper(sulfate. What type of reaction is this? Explain why the initial reaction between aluminium metal and copper(sulfate is very slow.
0620_s18_qp_43
THEORY
2018
Paper 4, Variant 3
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The table shows the percentage by mass of the elements in the Earth’s crust and in the oceans. element percentage by mass in the Earth’s crust percentage by mass in the oceans aluminium 8.20 0.00 calcium 3.60 0.05 chlorine 0.05 1.80 hydrogen 0.22 11.00 iron 5.00 0.00 oxygen 46.60 85.80 silicon 29.50 0.00 sodium 2.80 1.15 other elements 4.03 total 100.00 100.00 Answer these questions using only the information in the table. Deduce the percentage by mass of other elements present in the oceans.  % Which element is present in the Earth’s crust in the greatest percentage by mass? Give two major differences in the percentage by mass of the elements in the Earth’s crust and in the oceans.  Aluminium oxide is a compound present in aluminium ore. Name an ore which contains aluminium oxide. Predict the products of the electrolysis of molten aluminium oxide at: the positive electrode the negative electrode.  Suggest why aluminium is extracted by electrolysis and not by reduction with carbon. 
0620_s19_qp_32
THEORY
2019
Paper 3, Variant 2
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Aluminium is extracted by electrolysis. Iron is extracted from its ore by reduction with carbon. What is meant by the term electrolysis? Name the main ore of aluminium. Explain why aluminium cannot be extracted by reduction with carbon. Describe the role of cryolite in the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis. Name the product formed at the positive electrode. Write the ionic half-equation for the reaction at the negative electrode. Aluminium is used in overhead electricity cables. Give two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for use in overhead electricity cables.  Iron is a transition element. Iron forms hydrated iron(oxide when it rusts. Write a word equation to represent the formation of rust. Give two ways in which the properties of transition elements differ from the properties of GroupI metals.  
0620_s20_qp_43
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 3
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