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5. Nuclear physics
A section of Physics, 0625
Listing 10 of 796 questions
This notation represents the nucleus of a neutral atom of carbon-14. 6C State the number of: 1. protons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14 2. electrons orbiting the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14 3. neutrons in the nucleus of an atom of carbon-14. Carbon-14 is an isotope of carbon. Carbon-12 is another isotope of carbon. Compare the nucleus of carbon-14 with the nucleus of carbon-12. State the similarities and differences. Scientists use carbon-14 to estimate the age of wood that is very old. A very old sample of wood contains 1.0 × 108 carbon-14 atoms. When the sample was new, it contained 8.0 × 108 carbon-14 atoms. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5 700 years. Estimate the age of the sample of wood. age of wood = years
0625_w18_qp_31
THEORY
2018
Paper 3, Variant 1
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represents the structure of four atoms P, Q, R and S. P + Q R S proton Key electron neutron + + + + + + + + State which two atoms are isotopes of the same element and explain your answer. and explanation Radiographers use X-ray machines in hospitals. X-rays can cause damage to living things. State an example of the damage that may be caused by X-rays. State and explain how radiographers can be protected from damage caused by X-rays. A radioactive source is placed near to a detector, as shown in . The meter shows a reading of 239 counts per second. meter detector radioactive source A sheet of paper is placed between the detector and the radioactive source. The meter shows a reading of 240 counts per second. The sheet of paper is removed and a thin sheet of aluminium is placed between the detector and the radioactive source. The meter shows a reading of 3 counts per second. Deduce the type of radiation emitted by the radioactive source. The radioactive source is removed. The meter shows a reading of 3 counts per second. State why the meter does not show a reading of zero counts per second.
0625_w20_qp_33
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 3
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shows a beam of α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays directed between two metal plates P and Q. P Q beam of α-particles, β-particles and γ-rays + + + + + + + + – – – – – – – – The metal plates are parallel and there is a large potential difference (p.d.) between them. Plate P is positive and plate Q is negative. On , draw the paths of each of the radiations between the plates and after leaving the plates. Label the paths α, β and γ. State and explain one practical application of γ-rays. application explanation
0625_w20_qp_43
THEORY
2020
Paper 4, Variant 3
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