11. Organic chemistry
A section of Chemistry, 5070
Listing 10 of 555 questions
This question is about alcohols and polymers. The structure of an organic compound is shown. C C H H H H H H H C C O O O H Deduce the molecular formula of this compound. An isomer of butanol has the structure shown. H C H H H H H H H H C C C O H State the meaning of the term isomerism. Draw the structure of a different isomer of butanol. Butanol reacts with ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, to form an ester. Name this ester. Draw the structure of this ester. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds. name of ester structure of ester The partial structure of a polyester is shown. C C O O O O C O C O O O (CH2)6 (CH2)6 (CH2)6 (CH2)6 Draw the structures of the two monomers used to make this polyester. Terylene is a polyester. State one use of Terylene. Name a naturally occurring molecule which has the same ester linkage as Terylene. Starch is a polymer which can be hydrolysed. State the meaning of the term hydrolysis.
5070_w22_qp_21
THEORY
2022
Paper 2, Variant 1
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shows the displayed formula of compound A. H H H H H C H H C C H H H C C C O O Draw a circle around the functional group on that is also present in alkenes. Deduce the molecular formula of compound A. Compound A is a solid at 20 °C. Describe the motion and arrangement of the particles in a solid. motion arrangement Alkenes react with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst. Draw a circle around the type of reaction that takes place. addition condensation neutralisation substitution Name the catalyst used. shows the structure of compound B. H H H H H Cl C C C Compound B can be polymerised. Draw two repeat units of the polymer formed when compound B is polymerised. shows part of the structure of a protein. C N O H N H N H C O C O Name the type of monomer used to make proteins. Name the linkage in proteins.
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THEORY
2023
Paper 2, Variant 1
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This question is about alkanes and alkenes. But-1-ene belongs to the alkene homologous series. Members of the same homologous series differ from one member to the next by a –CH2– group and have similar chemical properties. State two other characteristics of a homologous series. shows the displayed formula of but-1-ene. H C C C H H H H H H H C Explain how shows that but-1-ene is an unsaturated compound. Give the structural formula of but-1-ene. Draw the displayed formula of an isomer of but-1-ene. Undecane, C11H24, is present in the kerosene/paraffin fraction from the distillation of petroleum. Give one use of the kerosene/paraffin fraction. When undecane is cracked, shorter hydrocarbon molecules are formed. Construct the symbol equation for a reaction in which undecane is cracked and the only products are butane, propene and ethene. Propane reacts with chlorine to form chloropropane and one other product, X. C3H8 + Cl 2 C3H7Cl + X Name product X. State the essential condition for this reaction. Ethene reacts with bromine at room temperature. shows the displayed formulae of the reactants and product. C H H H H C H C C H + Br Br Br H H Br Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction in kJ / mol. Use the bond energies in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 type of bond C=C C–H Br–Br C–C C–Br bond energy in kJ / mol enthalpy change = kJ / mol Describe the colour change when a sample of excess ethene is added to a few drops of aqueous bromine. from to
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THEORY
2024
Paper 2, Variant 1
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