9.6. Extraction of metals
A subsection of Chemistry, 5070, through 9. Metals
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Iron is extracted in a blast furnace by the reduction of iron(oxide with carbon monoxide. Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2 This reaction is a redox reaction. State the meaning of the term redox reaction. Explain how carbon monoxide acts as a reducing agent in this reaction. Calcium carbonate is added to the blast furnace. The calcium carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition. CaCO3 CaO + CO2 The thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate is endothermic. Complete the reaction pathway diagram in to show: • the reactant and products • a labelled arrow for the activation energy, Ea • a labelled arrow for the enthalpy change, ΔH. energy progress of reaction Describe how slag is formed in the blast furnace. Include a symbol equation in your answer. Iron is a transition element. Transition elements have coloured compounds. State two other physical properties that are typical of transition elements and not of Group I metals. The equation shows the decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl, Fe(CO)5, in a closed container. Fe(CO)5Fe+ 5COPredict and explain what happens to the position of equilibrium when the pressure is decreased. The temperature remains the same. prediction explanation This reaction can be used to produce pure iron. Describe and explain, by referring to the equation, how a sample of pure iron that is free from Fe(CO)5is produced from the equilibrium mixture. Iron reacts with hot concentrated sulfuric acid. The products are iron(sulfate, sulfur dioxide and a liquid that turns anhydrous copper(sulfate blue. Construct the symbol equation for this reaction.
5070_w24_qp_21
THEORY
2024
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Iron is extracted in the blast furnace by the reduction of iron(oxide, Fe2O3. This process is made up of three steps. In step 1, carbon burns in air to produce carbon dioxide. Give one other reason why carbon is burned in air in the blast furnace. In step 2, carbon monoxide is produced by the reaction of carbon dioxide with carbon. State one adverse effect of carbon monoxide on health. In step 3, iron(oxide is reduced by carbon monoxide. Write the symbol equation for this reaction. Explain why calcium carbonate is added to the blast furnace. Include any relevant reactions or equations in your answer. Iron is a transition element. Transition elements have high melting and boiling points. State two other properties that are typical of transition elements but not of Group I metals. Iron is prevented from rusting by galvanising with zinc. Explain two different ways in which zinc prevents rusting. The equation shows the reaction of iron with steam in a closed container. 3Fe+ 4H2OFe3O4+ 4H2Predict and explain what happens to the position of equilibrium when the pressure is increased. The temperature remains the same. prediction explanation Fe3O4 reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The products are iron(chloride, iron(chloride and a liquid that turns blue cobalt(chloride paper pink. Construct the symbol equation for this reaction.
5070_w24_qp_22
THEORY
2024
Paper 2, Variant 2
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