Describe the use of a flame test to identify the cations: (a) lithium, ( Li^+ ) (b) sodium, ( Na^+ ) (c) potassium, ( K^+ ) (d) calcium, ( Ca^{2+} ) (e) barium, ( Ba^{2+} ) (f) copper(II), ( Cu^{2+} )

Calculate percentage yield, percentage composition by mass and percentage purity, given appropriate data

Describe the substitution reaction of alkanes with chlorine as a photochemical reaction, with ultraviolet light providing the activation energy, ( E_a ), and draw the structural or displayed formulae of the products, limited to monosubstitution