Describe tests to identify the anions: (a) carbonate, ( CO_3^{2-} ), by reaction with dilute acid and then testing for carbon dioxide gas (b) chloride, ( Cl^- ), bromide, ( Br^- ), and iodide, ( I^- ), by acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous silver nitrate (c) nitrate, ( NO_3^- ), reduction with aluminium foil and aqueous sodium hydroxide and then testing for ammonia gas (d) sulfate, ( SO_4^{2-} ), by acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate (e) sulfite, ( SO_3^{2-} ), by reaction with acidified aqueous potassium manganate(VII)

Describe how changing the conditions can change the direction of a reversible reaction for: (a) the effect of heat on hydrated compounds (b) the addition of water to anhydrous compounds limited to copper(II) sulfate and cobalt(II) chloride

Identify the products formed at the electrodes and describe the observations made during the electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate using inert carbon/graphite electrodes and when using copper electrodes