Including: integer, real, char, string, Boolean. Including: IF statements, CASE statements. Including: count-controlled loops, pre-condition loops, post-condition loops. Including: length, substring, upper, lower. The first character of the string can be position zero or one. Arithmetic, limited to: +, -, /, *, ^ (raised to power of), MOD, DIV. Relational, limited to: =, <, <=, >, >=, <> (not equal to). Logical, limited to: AND, OR, NOT. Including nested selection and iteration. Candidates will not be required to write more than three levels of nested statements. Procedures and functions may have up to three parameters. Including: MOD, DIV, ROUND, RANDOM. Including appropriate use of: meaningful identifiers, the commenting feature provided by the programming language, procedures and functions, relevant and appropriate commenting of syntax. Use meaningful identifiers for: variables, constants, arrays, procedures and functions.

A packet of data contains a packet header, payload, and trailer. The packet header includes the destination address, packet number, and originator’s address. Data is broken down into packets. Each packet could take a different route. A router controls the route a packet takes. Packets may arrive out of order. Once the last packet has arrived, packets are reordered. Including: serial, parallel, simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex. Including the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Including the benefits and drawbacks of the interface.