Identify, on diagrams, the placenta and umbilical cord and describe their functions in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus (structural details are not required)

Use genetic diagrams, including Punnett squares, to predict the results of monohybrid crosses and calculate phenotypic ratios, limited to 1:1 and 3:1 ratios