5090_w22_qp_21
A paper of Biology, 5090
Questions:
9
Year:
2022
Paper:
2
Variant:
1
Login to start this paper & get access to powerful tools
2
Grapes are fruits that grow on a plant called a grape vine. A farmer grows a variety of grape vine called the sultana. The grapes produced are sold to be eaten fresh or used to make dried fruit called sultanas. grape vine bunch of grapes 100 g of fresh grapes produced by the vine contains 15.5 g of sugars. Describe and explain how the plant produces sugars and transports sugars to the fruit. The sultana grape variety produces fruits without seeds. This is because of a gene mutation. State the meaning of the term mutation. All the sultana grape plants growing in the farmer’s fields are genetically identical. Explain why they are all genetically identical. The farmer sprays insecticide on the grape vines to improve his crop of grapes. Explain how this has an impact on the biodiversity of his fields. The skins of the grapes are naturally covered in a white powdery coating. This is wild yeast, a fungus. List two similarities in structure between grape cells and yeast cells. Suggest how the yeast is able to grow on the grape skins. State two ways in which yeast can be used by humans.
18. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  18.1. Biotechnology
16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
Open
3
Guinea pigs are small mammals. In some countries they are produced for food and in others they are bred as pets. Guinea pigs can have either straight hair or curly hair. The allele for straight hair, T, is dominant to the allele for curly hair, t. Explain the difference between a gene and an allele. A breeder has two straight-haired guinea pigs, male and female, and is surprised when one of the offspring has curly hair. Complete the genetic diagram to show how this is possible. genotypes of parents × gametes possible offspring genotypes possible offspring phenotypes Baby guinea pigs develop in the mother’s uterus for between 59 and 73 days. The mother usually gives birth to between two and four offspring. The diagram shows the uterus and developing offspring. The offspring of both humans and guinea pigs develop in a uterus. Using the information provided and your knowledge of human development, discuss the similarities and differences in the development of offspring of humans and guinea pigs.
16. Development of organisms and continuity of life  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans
17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Inheritance
Open
4
Amylases are enzymes that are made in specific cells of animals and plants and also by bacteria. In humans, amylase is secreted into the alimentary canal in saliva and in pancreatic juice. Explain what is meant by the term enzyme. Outline two structural features of enzyme molecules. Name both the substrate and product of amylase. substrate product Amylase produced by bacteria can be used as part of an industrial process that converts plants such as corn into biofuel. Biofuels can be used instead of diesel or petrol. The bar chart shows how the activity of amylase is affected by temperature and pH. pH 6.0 pH 6.5 pH 7.0 pH pH 7.5 pH 8.0 temperature 30°C temperature 40°C temperature 50°C temperature 60°C temperature 70°C enzyme activity key: Describe what the data in the bar chart show about the activity of the enzyme and explain why this information is useful for the producers of biofuels. Biofuels can be burnt in vehicle engines. Suggest how biofuels can result in pollution and cause environmental change.
5. Enzymes  →  5.2. Effects of temperature and pH
5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzyme action
Open
5
Lions are carnivorous mammals that hunt their prey. The forelimb of a lion has the same basic structure as the arm of a human. The diagram shows the bones in the forelimb of a lion. X Y ulna State the name of: bone X the muscle between bones X and Y. Lions can only run quickly for a short time. This means they have to get close to their prey before accelerating to maximum running speed. Name the process used to release energy in the muscles of the forelimb when the lion starts to run after its prey. Explain why the lion can only run at maximum speed for a short time.
11. Transport in humans  →  11.2. Heart
14. Coordination and control  →  14.5. Temperature control
Open
6
The diagram shows some cells from the lower part of a transpiring leaf. A B B C D lower epidemis Identify cell type B. B Water travels from A to D. The arrows on the diagram represent the movement of water molecules during transpiration. With reference to these arrows, name and define each process taking place. arrow 1 arrow 2 arrow 3 Leaves from different plant species transpire at different rates in the same environmental conditions. Suggest and explain structural differences in the lower surface of these leaves which might produce differences in the transpiration rate.
7. Transport in flowering plants  →  7.2. Transpiration and translocation
Open
7
Humans have receptors to detect stimuli in their environment and a nervous system to coordinate responses to these stimuli. Complete the table showing different parts of the nervous system, their location in the human body and some of their functions. One row has already been completed. part of the nervous system location in the body function medulla brain controls automatic functions such as breathing nerve in body carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands brain problem solving, language, memory and interpreting visual information brain regulates body temperature relay neurone cerebellum fine motor control and balance A man is threading a needle. To do this, each of the man’s eyes produces a focused image of the needle. Explain how different parts of the eye function to produce a focused image of a near object.
14. Coordination and control  →  14.1. Mammalian nervous system
Open