state and explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, molecules by using VSEPR theory, including as simple examples: • BF\(_3\) (trigonal planar, 120°) • CO\(_2\) (linear, 180°) • CH\(_4\) (tetrahedral, 109.5°) • NH\(_3\) (pyramidal, 107°) • H\(_2\)O (non-linear, 104.5°) • SF\(_6\) (octahedral, 90°) • PF\(_5\) (trigonal bipyramidal, 120° and 90°)
describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is: (a) giant ionic, including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide (b) simple molecular, including iodine, buckminsterfullerene \( C_{60} \) and ice (c) giant molecular, including silicon(IV) oxide, graphite and diamond (d) giant metallic, including copper