3. Chemical bonding
A section of Chemistry, 9701
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The Pauling electronegativity values of elements can be used to predict the chemical properties of compounds. Use the information in Table 1.1 to answer the following questions. Table 1.1 element H Li C O S Pauling electronegativity value 2.1 1.0 2.5 3.5 2.6 first ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 second ionisation energy / kJ mol–1 — Define electronegativity. O and S are in Group 16. Explain the difference in the Pauling electronegativity values of O and S. LiH is an ionic compound. Draw a dot‑and‑cross diagram of LiH. Include all electrons. Suggest the shape of a molecule of H2S. Write an equation that represents the first ionisation energy of H. Explain why there is no information given in Table 1.1 for the second ionisation energy of H. Give the full electronic configuration of S2+. CO2 and SO2 are acidic gases. Write an equation for the reaction of SO2 with H2O. Write an equation for the reaction of SO2 with NaOH. Construct an equation for the reaction of CO2 with Mg(OH)2. Complete Table 1.2 by placing a tick (✓) to show which of the compounds have molecules with an overall dipole moment. Table 1.2 compound O=C=O O=S=O S=C=S S=C=O overall dipole moment At 150 °C and 103 kPa, all of the compounds listed in Table 1.2 are gases. Under these conditions, 0.284 g of one of the compounds occupies a volume of 127 cm3. Use this information to calculate the Mr of the compound. Hence, identify the compound from those given in Table 1.2. Show your working. Mr = identity of compound =
9701_m23_qp_22
THEORY
2023
Paper 2, Variant 2
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