describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is: (a) giant ionic, including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide (b) simple molecular, including iodine, buckminsterfullerene \( C_{60} \) and ice (c) giant molecular, including silicon(IV) oxide, graphite and diamond (d) giant metallic, including copper
describe qualitatively (and indicate the periodicity in) the variations in atomic radius, ionic radius, melting point and electrical conductivity of the elements
describe ionic bonding including the examples of sodium chloride, magnesium oxide and calcium fluoride