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1

Which pair includes a vector quantity and a scalar quantity?

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.4. Scalars and vectors

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

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2

The unit of resistivity, expressed in terms of base units, is given by kg x3 y–2 z–3 . Which base units are x, y and z?

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.2. SI units

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

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3

Two forces act on a circular disc as shown...

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

20. Magnetic fields  →  20.4. Magnetic fields due to currents

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4

A student carried out an experiment in which an electric current was known to decrease with time. The readings he found, from first to last, were 3.62 mA, 2.81 mA, 1.13 mA, 1.76 mA and 0.90 mA. Which statement could not explain the anomalous 1.13 mA reading?

20. Magnetic fields  →  20.5. Electromagnetic induction

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.3. Errors and uncertainties

9. Electricity  →  9.1. Electric current

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5

The diagram shows a calibration curve for a thermistor, drawn with an unusual scale on the vertical axis. temperature / °C 100 000 10 000 resistance / Ω What is the thermistor resistance corresponding to a temperature of 40 °C?

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

14. Temperature  →  14.2. Temperature scales

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6

A sky diver falls vertically from a stationary balloon. She leaves the balloon at time t = 0. At time t = T, she reaches terminal velocity. Beyond the time shown...

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

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7

The diagram shows an arrangement to stop trains that are travelling too fast. train speed 50 m s–1 maximum speed 10 m s–1 direction of travel marker 1 marker 2 Trains coming from the left travel at a speed of 50 m s–1. At marker 1, the driver must apply the brakes so that the train decelerates uniformly in order to pass marker 2 at no more than 10 m s –1. The train carries a detector that notes the times when the train passes each marker and will apply an emergency brake if the time between passing marker 1 and marker 2 is less than 20 s. How far from marker 2 should marker 1 be placed?

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8

A ball is released from rest above a horizontal surface and bounces several times. The graph shows how, for this ball, a quantity y varies with time. 0 0 time y What is the quantity y ?

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

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9

A strong wind of speed 33 m s–1 blows against a wall. The density of the air is 1.2 kg m–3. The wall has an area of 12 m2 at right angles to the wind velocity. The air has its speed reduced to zero when it hits the wall. What is the approximate force exerted by the air on the wall?

3. Dynamics  →  3.1. Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion

15. Ideal gases  →  15.3. Kinetic theory of gases

3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation

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10

Two bodies travelling in a straight line collide in a perfectly elastic collision. Which of the following statements must be correct?

3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation

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11

A submarine is in equilibrium in a fully submerged position. sea water steel air What causes the upthrust on the submarine?

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.3. Density and pressure

8. Superposition  →  8.1. Stationary waves

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12

A vehicle is at rest on a slope. It is considered to have three forces acting on it to keep it in equilibrium. They are its weight W, a normal reaction force R and a frictional force F. Which triangle of forces is correct?

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

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13

All external forces on a body cancel out. Which statement must be correct?

3. Dynamics  →  3.1. Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion

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14

A uniform beam of mass 1.4 kg is pivoted at P as shown...

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.1. Turning effects of forces

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

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15

A ball is thrown vertically upwards. Neglecting air resistance, which statement is correct?

3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

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16

A bow of mass 400 g shoots an arrow of mass 120 g vertically upwards. The potential energy stored in the bow just before release is 80 J. The system has an efficiency of 28%. What is the height reached by the arrow when air resistance is neglected?

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

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17

A train on a mountain railway is carrying 200 people of average mass 70 kg up a slope at an angle of 30° to the horizontal and at a speed of 6.0 m s–1. The train itself has a mass of 80 000 kg. The percentage of the power from the engine which is used to raise the passengers and the train is 40 %. What is the power of the engine?

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

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18

A gas is enclosed inside a cylinder which is fitted with a frictionless piston. gas V1 V2 p p heat Initially, the gas has a volume V1 and is in equilibrium with an external pressure p. The gas is then heated slowly so that it expands, pushing the piston back until the volume of the gas has increased to V2. How much work is done by the gas during this expansion?

16. Thermodynamics  →  16.2. The first law of thermodynamics

15. Ideal gases  →  15.2. Equation of state

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.2. Elastic and plastic behaviour

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19

The diagram shows an ice cube floating in water. ice Both the ice cube and the water are at 0 °C. Which statement correctly compares the molecular properties of the ice and those of the water?

15. Ideal gases  →  15.3. Kinetic theory of gases

16. Thermodynamics  →  16.1. Internal energy

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20

Two bulbs X and Y containing air at different pressures are connected by a tube P which contains two mercury threads. X Y air pressure 16 000 Pa P air pressure 8000 Pa mercury threads h1 h2 h1 and h2 are not to scale The density of mercury is 13 600 kg m–3. Which pair of values of h1 and h2 is possible?

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.3. Density and pressure

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21

What is the unit of the Young modulus?

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain

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22

A rubber cord hangs from a rigid support. A weight attached to its lower end is gradually increased from zero, and then gradually reduced to zero. force extension stretching contraction rubber cord weight The force-extension curve for contraction is below the force-extension curve for stretching. What does the shaded area between the curves represent?

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.2. Elastic and plastic behaviour

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

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23

The diagram shows a large crane on a construction site lifting a cube-shaped load. cable crane load A model is made of the crane, its load and the cable supporting the load. The material used for each part of the model is the same as that in the full-size crane, cable and load. The model is one tenth full-size in all linear dimensions. What is the ratio crane model the on cable the in stress crane size full the on cable the in stress - ?

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain

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24

The order of magnitude of the frequency of the shortest wavelength of visible light waves can be expressed as 10x Hz. What is the value of x?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

24. Medical physics  →  24.2. Production and use of X-rays

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25

The diagram shows two waves X and Y. displacement time wave X wave Y Wave X has amplitude 8 cm and frequency 100 Hz. What are the amplitude and the frequency of wave Y?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

17. Oscillations  →  17.1. Simple harmonic oscillations

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26

What is correct for all transverse waves?

7. Waves  →  7.4. Electromagnetic spectrum

7. Waves  →  7.2. Transverse and longitudinal waves

7. Waves  →  7.5. Polarisation

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27

A transmitter of electromagnetic waves is placed 45 cm from a reflective surface. transmitter reflective surface 45 cm The emitted waves have a frequency of 1.00 GHz. A stationary wave is produced with a node at the transmitter and a node at the surface. How many antinodes are in the space between the transmitter and the surface?

8. Superposition  →  8.1. Stationary waves

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28

A teacher sets up the apparatus shown...

8. Superposition  →  8.3. Interference

8. Superposition  →  8.2. Diffraction

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29

Monochromatic light of wavelength 5.30 × 10–7 m is incident normally on a diffraction grating. The first order maximum is observed at an angle of 15.4° to the direction of the incident light. What is the angle between the first and second order diffraction maxima?

8. Superposition  →  8.4. The diffraction grating

8. Superposition  →  8.2. Diffraction

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30

Two conducting layers of a liquid crystal display of a calculator are 8 µm apart. A 1.5 V cell is connected across the conducting layers when the calculator is switched on. What is the electric field strength between the layers?

18. Electric fields  →  18.2. Uniform electric fields

18. Electric fields  →  18.4. Electric field of a point charge

18. Electric fields  →  18.5. Electric potential

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31

A positively-charged particle is projected into a uniform electric field. Which diagram represents the path of the particle in the electric field?

18. Electric fields  →  18.1. Electric fields and field lines

18. Electric fields  →  18.2. Uniform electric fields

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32

A power cable has length 2000 m. The cable is made of twelve parallel strands of copper wire, each with diameter 0.51 mm. What is the resistance of the cable?

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

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33

A low-voltage supply with an e.m.f. of 20 V and an internal resistance of 1.5 Ω is used to supply power to a heater of resistance 6.5 Ω in a fish tank. What is the power supplied to the water in the fish tank?

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

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34

A filament lamp has a resistance of 180 Ω when the current in it is 500 mA. What is the power transformed in the lamp?

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

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35

Two wires P and Q made of the same material are connected to the same electrical supply. P has twice the length of Q and one-third of the diameter of Q, as shown...

9. Electricity  →  9.1. Electric current

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

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36

A 12 V battery is in series with an ammeter, a 2 Ω fixed resistor and a 0 – 10 Ω variable resistor. High-resistance voltmeters P and Q are connected across the variable resistor and the fixed resistor respectively, as shown...

19. Capacitance  →  19.3. Discharging a capacitor

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

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37

Five resistors are connected as shown...

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.2. Kirchhoff’s laws

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38

In the circuit below, the reading VT on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the temperature of the thermistor changes. The reading VL on the voltmeter changes from high to low as the level of light on the light-dependent resistor (LDR) changes. VT VL V V The readings VT and VL are both high. What are the conditions of temperature and light level?

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.3. Potential dividers

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

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39

What is the approximate mass of an alpha particle?

11. Particle physics  →  11.1. Atoms, nuclei and radiation

23. Nuclear physics  →  23.1. Mass defect and nuclear binding energy

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40

An actinium nucleus has a nucleon number of 227 and a proton number of 89. It decays to form a radium nucleus, emitting a beta particle and an alpha particle in the process. What are the nucleon number and the proton number of this radium nucleus?

11. Particle physics  →  11.1. Atoms, nuclei and radiation

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