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shows the distance-time graphs for three different objects A, B and C. distance A B C time Describe the motion of each of the objects A, B and C by selecting the appropriate description from the list below. constant speed increasing speed decreasing speed stationary A B C shows the speed-time graphs for three more objects D, E, and F. speed 0 0 F time D E Describe the motion of each of the objects D, E and F by selecting the appropriate description from the list below. constant speed constant acceleration increasing acceleration stationary D E F shows a person bungee-jumping from a bridge. The person is attached to a long elastic rope. river strong fixed point rope jumper In 1.5 s the speed of the jumper increases from zero to 10.5 m / s. Calculate her average acceleration during this time. acceleration = At one point during the fall, she reaches her maximum speed. 1. State her acceleration at this point. acceleration = 2. What can be said about the forces acting on her at this point?

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

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2

A diver climbs some steps on to a fixed platform above the surface of the water in a swimming-pool. He dives into the pool. shows the diver about to enter the water. 8.0 m The mass of the diver is 65 kg. The platform is 8.0 m above the surface of the water. Calculate the increase in the gravitational potential energy of the diver when he climbs up to the platform. increase in gravitational potential energy = the speed with which the diver hits the surface of the water. Ignore any effects of air resistance. speed = In another dive from the same platform, the diver performs a somersault during the descent. He straightens, and again enters the water as shown in . Discuss whether the speed of entry into the water is greater than, less than or equal to the speed calculated in . Ignore any effects of air resistance.

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.1. Energy

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

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3

shows an oil can containing only air at atmospheric pressure. can Atmospheric pressure is 1.0 × 105 Pa. The pressure of the air in the can is reduced by means of a pump. The can collapses when the pressure of the air in the can falls to 6000 Pa. Explain why the can collapses. The surface area of face X of the can is 0.12 m2. Calculate the resultant force on face X when the can collapses. force = Mercury is poured into a U-shaped glass tube. Water is then poured into one of the limbs of the tube. Oil is poured into the other limb until the surfaces of the mercury are at the same level in both limbs. shows the result. oil water mercury 0.32 m 0.25 m State a condition that must be true in order for the mercury surfaces to be at the same level in both limbs of the tube. The height of the water column is 0.25 m. The height of the oil column is 0.32 m. The density of water is 1000 kg / m3. Calculate 1. the pressure exerted by the water on the surface of the mercury, pressure = 2. the density of the oil. density =

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.8. Pressure

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4

shows some of the apparatus that a student uses to determine the specific heat capacity of aluminium. connections to electric circuit electric heater insulating lid thermometer aluminium block insulating container State the measurements the student needs to make, including those from the electric circuit. For each quantity measured, state a symbol. Use your symbols from to complete the formula used to determine the specific heat capacity c. specific heat capacity c = Another student performs the experiment without using insulation. He obtains a higher value for c. Explain why this student’s measurements lead to this higher value.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.2. Specific heat capacity

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5

Two types of seismic waves are produced by earthquakes. They are called P-waves and S-waves. P-waves are longitudinal and S-waves are transverse. Explain what is meant by the terms longitudinal and transverse. longitudinal transverse . State another example of 1. a longitudinal wave, 2. a transverse wave. A seismic wave has a speed of 7.2 km / s and a frequency of 30 Hz. Calculate its wavelength. wavelength = shows an electric bell ringing in a sealed glass chamber containing air. to vacuum pump bell A student hears the bell ringing. The air is then removed from the chamber. State and explain any change in the sound heard by the student.

3. Waves  →  3.1. General properties of waves

3. Waves  →  3.4. Sound

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6

shows an object O placed in front of a plane mirror M. Two rays from the object to the mirror are shown. M O On , for one of the rays shown, 1. draw the normal to the mirror, 2. mark the angle of incidence. Label this angle X. On , draw 1. the reflected rays for both incident rays, 2. construction lines to locate the image of O. Label this image I. In , circular wavefronts from a point source in a tank of water strike a straight barrier. barrier source The reflected wavefronts seem to come from a single point. On , mark a dot to show the position of this point. Label this point C. Draw, as accurately as you can, the reflected circular wavefronts.

3. Waves  →  3.2.1. Reflection of light

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7

A small cylinder of compressed helium gas is used to inflate balloons for a celebration. In the box below, sketch a diagram to represent the arrangement of helium molecules in a balloon. State and explain how the size of the attractive forces acting between the molecules of a gas compares with the size of the attractive forces between the molecules of a solid. The helium in the cylinder has a volume of 6.0 × 10–3 m3 (0.0060 m3) and is at a pressure of 2.75 × 106 Pa. The pressure of helium in each balloon is 1.1 × 105 Pa. The volume of helium in an inflated balloon is 3.0 × 10–3 (0.0030 m3). The temperature of the helium does not change. Calculate the number of balloons that were inflated. number of balloons = Later, the temperature increases and some of the balloons burst. Suggest and explain why this happens.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.1.3. Gases and the absolute scale of temperature

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.1. Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

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8

A charger for a cellphone (mobile phone) is marked: input: a.c. 240 V, 50 Hz, 80 mA. output: d.c. 5.3 V, 500 mA. State the component in the charger that converts a.c. to d.c., the quantity that has the value 50 Hz. Calculate the output power of the charger, output power = the energy transferred in the output circuit when the cellphone is charged for 1.5 hours. energy = In the following list, underline the quantity that is stored in the battery of the cellphone. voltage current power energy

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.5. Electrical energy and electrical power

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.7.3. Energy resources

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9

A technician sets up a radiation detector in a university laboratory, for use in some experiments. Even before the radioactive source for the experiment is brought into the laboratory, the detector registers a low count rate. Suggest what causes this count rate. A radioactive source that emits α-particles is placed on the laboratory bench and the source is gradually moved closer to the detector. At first, the detector continues to register a low count rate sometimes slightly less than the count rate registered without the source. The count rate suddenly increases to a very high value when the source is very close to the detector. Explain these changes in the count rate. In a second experiment, α-particles pass between two parallel, horizontal metal plates in a vacuum. They then continue to the detector as shown in . _-particles metal plate source detector metal plate A positive charge is established on the upper plate and a negative charge on the lower plate. On , sketch the new path of the α-particles. State what happens to the count rate registered by the detector.

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.1. Detection of radioactivity

2. Thermal physics  →  2.3.3. Radiation

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10

In a room in a house there are four electric lamps in parallel with each other, controlled by a single switch. With all the lamps working, one of the lamp filaments suddenly breaks. What, if anything happens to the remaining lamps? Explain your answer. shows the circuit diagram for the lamp in another room. X and Y are 2-way switches. lamp X Y Complete the table, by indicating whether the lamp is on or off for each of the switch positions. position of switch X position of switch Y state of lamp Explain why this arrangement of switches is useful.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.4. Electrical safety

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.3.2. Series and parallel circuits

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11

Name the process that causes a potential difference across a solenoid due to the movement of a nearby magnet. shows a solenoid connected to a centre-zero voltmeter, M. A bar magnet is held with its N-pole close to one end of the solenoid. N M solenoid The magnet is pushed into the solenoid, and then brought to rest with its N-pole just inside the solenoid. Describe the movement of the pointer of the meter M. The magnet is now pulled to the left out of the solenoid, at a higher speed than in . Compare the movement of the pointer of the meter with that seen in .

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current

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