2.2.1. Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
A subsection of Physics, 0625, through 2. Thermal physics
Listing 10 of 61 questions
When materials are heated, they usually expand. Describe one example where the expansion is useful, the expansion causes problems that need to be allowed for. State two things that happen to the molecules of a solid when it is cooled. 1. 2. shows some balloons that have been filled with gas and tied to a heavy box. heavy box In the sunlight, the gas in the balloons gets warmer. State what is seen to happen to the balloons. In terms of molecules, explain your answer to .
0625_m15_qp_22
THEORY
2015
Paper 2, Variant 2
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Water can exist as ice, liquid water and steam. represents the arrangement of the molecules in the three forms of water. steam liquid water ice Each diagram in shows a change of state. Add the correct label for each change. The first has been done for you. condensation Some gas is heated at constant pressure. Describe what happens to the molecules of gas as the temperature increases. shows a metal bar. width length height When the metal bar is heated, the bar expands. Identify the dimensions that increase in size when the bar is heated. Tick (3) all boxes that apply. length width height State one use and one disadvantage of the expansion of materials when they are heated. use disadvantage
0625_m17_qp_32
THEORY
2017
Paper 3, Variant 2
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shows a Galilean thermometer. This thermometer is used to measure the approximate temperature of the surrounding air. glass cylinder bulb E, label: 28 °C bulb D, label: 26 °C bulb C, label: 24 °C bulb B, label: 22 °C bulb A, label: 20 °C water The glass cylinder contains water. When the temperature of the water changes, so does its density. Each bulb has a label printed with a temperature, as shown in . The bulbs have different densities. At 21 °C, only bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder. Explain, in terms of density, why bulb A is at the bottom of the cylinder and the other bulbs are floating. The temperature of the surrounding air increases to a temperature above 23 °C. Suggest one reason why there is a delay before the temperature of the water increases to 23 °C. Explain why, after this delay, bulb B sinks. Assume the bulbs do not expand. Bulbs A, B and C are now at the bottom of the cylinder. Bulbs D and E are floating. State the possible temperature range of the water in the cylinder.
0625_m17_qp_42
THEORY
2017
Paper 4, Variant 2
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shows a cross-section of the inside of an electric oven. metal casing glass front heating element The heater is switched on. On , draw two arrows to show how thermal energy moves throughout the oven by convection. Explain how thermal energy moves throughout the oven by convection. Use your ideas about density and expansion. Use a word from the box to complete the sentence. conduction expansion insulation radiation Thermal energy travels at the speed of light by The oven is in a kitchen that is fitted with a smoke detector. Warm, moving air can carry smoke particles. Suggest the best position for the smoke detector in the kitchen.
0625_m19_qp_32
THEORY
2019
Paper 3, Variant 2
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Equal volumes of steel, oil and hydrogen are heated from 20 °C to 60 °C. Their volumes increase by thermal expansion. State which of these substances has the greatest increase in volume. shows a liquid-in-glass thermometer. –10 110 °C State the temperature reading on the thermometer. State the temperature range of the thermometer. State the values of the fixed points of the Celsius scale of temperature. The liquid-in-glass thermometer uses the thermal expansion of mercury. State and explain one other application or consequence of thermal expansion.
0625_m20_qp_32
THEORY
2020
Paper 3, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
61