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1

A student uses a ruler to measure the length of a piece of wire, as shown in . cm wire (not to scale) Use the ruler in to determine the length of the piece of wire. length of wire = cm The student folds the piece of wire and measures its mass. State the name of an instrument the student can use to measure mass. The student determines the volume of the wire. He uses a measuring cylinder part‑filled with water and places the wire in it, as shown in . cm3 water water cm3 folded wire folded wire Determine the volume of the wire by using information in . volume of wire = cm3 The student measures the mass and the volume of a piece of metal. The mass of the piece of metal is 93.6 g and its volume is 12 cm3. Calculate the density of the metal. density of metal = g / cm3

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.4. Density

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.1. Physical quantities and measurement techniques

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2

A slope is made by resting one end of a plank of wood on a block, as shown in . plank block of wood trolley Two students each use a digital stop‑watch to measure the time for a small trolley to roll down the full length of the slope. shows the times on the stop‑watches. 00 : 06 14 min sec student 1 00 : 06 28 min sec student 2 time = s time = s On the line next to each stop‑watch, write the time it shows. Calculate the average time for the trolley to roll down the slope. average time = s The students want the same trolley to take more time to roll down the plank. Suggest how the students alter the arrangement in . A different trolley travels 1.2 m down the slope in a time of 7.8 s. Calculate the average speed of the trolley. average speed = m / s The trolley travels down a different slope. shows the speed–time graph. 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.0 2.0 3.0 time / s 4.0 speed m / s Calculate the distance travelled by the trolley between time = 0 and time = 4.0 s. distance travelled = m

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.2. Motion

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3

A student determines the centre of mass of a piece of card. shows the equipment the student uses. A C B pin card cotton thread weight stand cork ruler Describe how the student determines the centre of mass of the card using the equipment in . Another card is pivoted at point P. The weight of the card is 1.4 N and acts through a point 20 cm from P. shows the arrangement. 20 cm 1.4 N card pivot P Calculate the moment of the weight of the card about point P. moment of weight = N cm

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.2. Turning effect of forces

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.5.3. Centre of gravity

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4

A substance cools from 50 °C to 5.0 °C. Its melting point is 20 °C. The substance takes 30 minutes to cool from 50 °C to its melting point. The substance takes a total time of 80 minutes to cool from 50 °C to 5.0 °C. On , sketch a graph that shows how the temperature of the substance varies with time as it cools from 50 °C to 5.0 °C. temperature / °C time / min Describe the arrangement and motion of the molecules in the substance when they are in the solid state.

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.3. Melting, boiling and evaporation

2. Thermal physics  →  2.2.1. Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases

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5

shows a plastic bottle on a bench. The plastic bottle contains a liquid. plastic bottle liquid bench The weight of the bottle and liquid is 12 N. The area of the bottle in contact with the bench is 25 cm2. Calculate the pressure of the bottle on the bench. pressure on bench = N / cm2 A student pours out all the liquid from the bottle. She then connects the bottle to a vacuum pump which removes most of the air from the bottle. shows the bottle after most of the air is removed. crushed bottle to vacuum pump Explain why the bottle is crushed. Use your ideas about molecules.

1. Motion, forces and energy  →  1.8. Pressure

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6

shows part of a water wave. height P Q S T R distance State the letter P, Q, R, S or T on that represents the wavelength of the water wave. State the letter P, Q, R, S or T on that represents the amplitude of the water wave. State what is meant by the term frequency of a wave. Two students, A and B, use echoes to measure the speed of sound. Student A has two blocks of wood that make a loud sound when banged together. Student B has a stop‑watch. They stand 120 m from a school wall as shown in . school wall 120 m B A stop-watch blocks of wood (not to scale) Describe how the students use the arrangement in to determine the speed of sound in air.

3. Waves  →  3.4. Sound

3. Waves  →  3.1. General properties of waves

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7

shows a ray of red light entering a semicircular glass block. The ray strikes the flat surface of the block at X and emerges into the air. does not show the path of the refracted ray in the air. X normal air glass ray of red light On : draw the path of the refracted ray in the air mark, and label with the letter i, the angle of incidence mark, and label with the letter r, the angle of refraction. When the angle of incidence at X is 70°, the ray does not emerge from the glass into the air. State what happens to the ray at X and explain why this happens. Visible light is one part of the electromagnetic spectrum. X‑rays are also part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Visible light and X‑rays are travelling through a vacuum. Compare their speed and frequency by completing the sentences. The speed of visible light is the speed of X‑rays. The frequency of visible light is the frequency of X‑rays. Describe one use of X‑rays.

3. Waves  →  3.2.2. Refraction of light

3. Waves  →  3.2.4. Dispersion of light

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8

shows the magnetic field pattern around a bar magnet. On , label the north and south poles of the magnet, using the letters N and S. A soft‑iron bar is positioned as shown in . soft-iron bar State and explain what happens to the soft‑iron bar. A plastic rod is rubbed with a cloth. The plastic rod becomes positively charged. Explain how the friction between the cloth and the rod causes the rod to become positively charged. Use your ideas about the movement of charge. Plastic is an electrical insulator. Iron is an electrical conductor. State two other materials that are electrical conductors.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.1. Simple phenomena of magnetism

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9

This question is about electric circuits. State the name of the instrument used to measure potential difference (p.d.) in an electric circuit. State the unit for the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of a battery. A student connects a circuit to determine the resistance of a wire. The current in the wire is 0.20 A when the potential difference across the wire is 6.4 V. Calculate the resistance of the wire. resistance = Ω The student has some wires of the same material as those in but of various lengths and thicknesses. He wants a wire with higher resistance than the wire in . State two ways of identifying a wire with a higher resistance by comparing its length and thickness with the wire in .

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.3. Electromotive force and potential difference

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.2.4. Resistance

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10

A student plans to demonstrate the induction of an electromotive force (e.m.f.) in a wire. He has a length of wire, a sensitive centre‑reading galvanometer and a permanent magnet. Describe how the student uses the equipment. State two ways in which the student can increase the size of the induced e.m.f. shows a d.c. motor. magnet coil rotation of coil battery current – + On , draw an arrow between the poles of the magnet to show the direction of the magnetic field. State two ways of making the coil spin faster. State one way of making the coil spin in the opposite direction.

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.3. Magnetic effect of a current

4. Electricity and magnetism  →  4.5.5. The d.c. motor

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11

α ‑particles, β ‑particles and γ ‑rays have different characteristics. Complete Table 11.1 by indicating the correct type of radiation for each characteristic. The first one is done for you. Table 11.1 characteristic type of radiation α‑particles (alpha‑particles) β‑particles (beta‑particles) γ‑rays (gamma‑rays) largest mass ✓ most ionising most penetrating negatively charged greatest speed A sample of radioactive material contains 80 mg of sodium‑24. The half‑life of sodium‑24 is 15 hours. Calculate the mass of sodium‑24 remaining in the sample after 45 hours. mass remaining = mg

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.2. The three types of nuclear emission

5. Nuclear physics  →  5.2.3. Radioactive decay

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