1.3. Electrons, energy levels and atomic orbitals
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 1. Atomic structure
Listing 10 of 113 questions
Transition elements have characteristic properties due to their partially-fi lled d orbitals. Which two elements in the fi rst row of the d-block have only one electron in the 4s orbital of their neutral atoms? The d orbitals in an isolated transition metal atom or ion are described as being degenerate. What is meant by the term degenerate? Sketches of the shapes of the atomic orbitals from the d subshell are shown. In an octahedral complex, the d orbitals are split into two groups at different energy levels. On the diagram below, write an ‘H’ in the box under each of the orbitals at the higher energy level. z y x z y x z y x y x z z y x The following scheme shows some reactions of Cu2+. Cu2+pale blue precipitate A solution of B solution of C [CuCl 2]–concentrated HCl excess NH3heat with Cua few drops of NH3Suggest the formula of each of the following. A B C State the colour of the following solutions. solution of B solution of C Name the type of reaction that occurs when C is heated with copper. Deduce the role of the copper metal in this reaction. When the solution containing the complex [CuCl 2]– is poured into water, a precipitate of CuCl is formed. CuCl is white because it does not absorb visible light. Explain why CuCl does not absorb visible light. The complex ion [Cr(H2O)6]3+ is coloured because it absorbs visible light. The absorption spectrum for [Cr(H2O)6]3+ is shown below. absorbance wavelength / nm violet red Suggest the colour of this complex ion. Explain your answer.
9701_w14_qp_43
THEORY
2014
Paper 4, Variant 3
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Atoms contain the subatomic particles electrons, protons and neutrons. Protons and electrons were discovered by observations of their behaviours in electric fields. The diagram shows the behaviour of separate beams of electrons and protons in an electric field. source charge on plate charge on plate electrons protons Complete the diagram with the relative charge of each of the electrically charged plates.  On the diagram, draw a line to show how a separate beam of neutrons from the same source behaves in the same electric field. Electrons in atoms up to 36Kr are distributed in s, p and d orbitals. State the number of occupied orbitals in an isolated atom of 36Kr. type of orbital s p d number of orbitals  Complete the diagram to show the number and relative energies of the electrons in an isolated atom of 14Si. 4s 3p 3s 2p 2s 1s  The diagram shows a type of orbital. State the total number of electrons that exist in all orbitals of this type in an atom of 9F. The first ionisation energies of elements in the first row of the d block (21Sc to 29Cu) are very similar. For all these elements, it is a 4s electron that is lost during the first ionisation. Suggest why the first ionisation energies of these elements are very similar. Hydron is a general term used to represent the ions 1H+ , 2H+ and 3H+ . State, in terms of subatomic particles in the nucleus, what is the same about each of these ions and what is different. same different  
9701_w20_qp_22
THEORY
2020
Paper 2, Variant 2
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Questions Discovered
113