10.1. Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
A subsection of Chemistry, 9701, through 10. Group 2
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Group2 elements share common chemical properties. Calcium reacts in cold water more quickly than magnesium because more energy is required to remove the outer electrons in magnesium. This occurs even though calcium atoms have a greater nuclear charge. Explain why more energy is required to remove the outer electrons in magnesium than in calcium. 0.001 mol of strontium reacts with an excess of cold water. When the reaction is complete a colourless solution is seen. Construct the equation for the reaction of strontium with cold water. Include state symbols. 0.005 mol of calcium and 0.005 mol of strontium are added separately to two beakers. Each beaker contains 100 cm3 of cold water. At the end of each reaction a white solid and a colourless solution are seen in both beakers. Predict which element, calcium or strontium, produces the more alkaline solution. Explain your answer. Describe one observation when magnesium carbonate is added to excess dilute sulfuric acid. Element X is a metal. X reacts with oxygen to form a black solid oxide. The oxidation state of X in this oxide is +2. The carbonate of X, XCO3, is a green solid. It decomposes on heating to form the oxide and a colourless gas. From the information given, state two similarities and one difference that metalX and its compounds have with Group2 metals and their compounds. similarity 1 similarity 2 difference 1  Write the formula of the oxide of X. Write an equation for the reaction of XCO3 when it is heated. 
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THEORY
2019
Paper 2, Variant 1
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Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide. State two observations that would be made when magnesium is heated strongly and placed in a gas jar of pure oxygen. Acid indigestion is caused by an excess of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Magnesium oxide is commonly found in indigestion tablets. Give the equation to show how magnesium oxide relieves acid indigestion. Name the type of reaction that occurs in . Magnesium oxide is described as a ceramic material. It has a high melting point. State and explain why ceramic materials such as magnesium oxide have high melting points. Magnesium oxide can be made from magnesium carbonate in a one-step reaction using heat. Write an equation for this reaction. Include state symbols. Name the type of reaction occurring during this process. 
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THEORY
2019
Paper 2, Variant 3
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Group2 nitrates decompose when heated. Write an equation for the decomposition of strontiumnitrate. Describe and explain how the thermal stability of Group2 nitrates changes with increasing atomic number. The variation in the thermal stability of Group2 amides is similar to that of Group2 nitrates. Suggest whether calcium amide, Ca(NH2)2, will decompose more or less readily than bariumamide, Ba(NH2)2. Explain your answer. Ba(NH2)2 decomposes when heated to form bariumnitride, Ba3N2, and ammonia as the only products. Write an equation for this reaction. Ba(NH2)2 contains the NH2 – ion. Predict the bond angle of NH2 –. Explain your answer using the qualitative model of electron‑pair repulsion. bond angle explanation  
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THEORY
2019
Paper 4, Variant 1
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